What are the important outcomes in traumatic dental injuries? An international approach to the development of a core outcome set
Open accessAbstract
Background/Aims: There are numerous treatment options following traumatic dental injury (TDI). Systematic reviews of different treatments are challenging owing to the diversity of outcomes reported between clinical studies. This issue could be addressed through the development and implementation of a agreed and standardized collection of outcomes known as a core outcome set (COS). The aim of this study was to develop a COS for TDI in children and adults. The secondary aim was to establish what, how, when and by whom these outcomes should be measured. Materials and Method: The project was registered with Core Outcomes Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET). A web‐based survey was developed to capture the opinions of dentists globally as to which outcomes should be recorded. A list of outcomes was entered into a Delphi Survey and scored by an Expert Working Group (EWG). The scoring was repeated, followed by conference calls to discuss, refine and finalize the COS. The EWG split into small groups of subject‐specific experts to determine how, when and by whom each outcome would be measured. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 1476 dentists. The EWG identified 13 core outcomes to be recorded for all TDI's. An additional 10 injury‐specific outcomes were identified. A table has been produced for each outcome detailing what, when, and how each outcome should be recorded. Conclusions: A robust consensus process was used to develop an international COS for TDI in children and adults. This includes both generic and injury‐specific outcomes across all identified domains.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The International Association for Dental Traumatology recently developed a core outcome set for traumatic dental injuries in children and adults.
“The International Association for Dental Traumatology (IADT) recently developed a core outcome set (COS) for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children and adults. 7”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
A core outcome set (COS) for traumatic dental injuries in children and adults has been developed by Kenny et al. and the International Association for Dental Traumatology.
“Kenny et al. have developed a core outcome set (COS) for TDIs in children and adults. 7”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The core outcome set established what, how, when and by whom outcomes should be measured.
“Additionally, the core outcome set also established what, how, when and by whom these outcomes should be measured.”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Some outcomes were identified as recurring throughout the different injury types and were identified as 'generic' or 'injury-specific'.
“Some outcomes were identified as recurring throughout the different injury types.”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The core outcome set follows a robust consensus methodology.
“This is one of the first COS developed in dentistry and is underpinned by a systematic review of the outcomes used in the trauma literature and follows a robust consensus methodology.”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The core outcome set is underpinned by a systematic review of the outcomes used in the trauma literature.
“This is one of the first COS developed in dentistry and is underpinned by a systematic review of the outcomes used in the trauma literature and follows a robust consensus methodology.”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The core outcome set is one of the first developed in dentistry.
“This is one of the first COS developed in dentistry and is underpinned by a systematic review of the outcomes used in the trauma literature and follows a robust consensus methodology.”
From International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Avoidable waste in the production and reporting of research evidence
Chalmers, I., & Glasziou, P. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60329-9 · Cited by 2,208 · see citing works
GRADE guidelines: 2. Framing the question and deciding on important outcomes
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Atkins, D., Brozek, J., Vist, G., Alderson, P., Glasziou, P., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Schünemann, H. J. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012 · Cited by 1,911 · see citing works
Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: issues to consider
Williamson, P. R., Altman, D. G., Blazeby, J. M., Clarke, M., Devane, D., Gargon, E., & Tugwell, P. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-132 · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias
Dwan, K., Altman, D. G., Arnaiz, J. A., Bloom, J., Chan, A.-W., Cronin, E., Decullier, E., Easterbrook, P. J., Von Elm, E., Gamble, C., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003081 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
FOUAD, A. F., Abbott, P. V., Tsilingaridis, G., Cohenca, N., Lauridsen, E., Bourguignon, C., O’Connell, A. C., Flores, M. T., Day, P. F., Hicks, M. L., et al. (2020) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12573 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Self-citationPrinsen, C. A. C., Vohra, S., Rose, M. R., Boers, M., Tugwell, P., Clarke, M., Williamson, P. R., & Terwee, C. B. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1555-2 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Sinha, I. P., Smyth, R. L., & Williamson, P. R. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000393 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Andersson, L., Andreasen, J. O., Day, P. F., Heithersay, G. S., Trope, M., DiAngelis, A. J., Kenny, D. J., Sigurðsson, Á., Bourguignon, C., Flores, M. T., et al. (2012) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Self-citationCore outcome set–STAndards for reporting: the COS-STAR statement
Kirkham, J. J., Gorst, S., Altman, D. G., Blazeby, J. M., Clarke, M., Devane, D., Gargon, E., Moher, D., Schmitt, J., Tugwell, P., et al. (2016) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002148 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
DiAngelis, A. J., Andreasen, J. O., Ebeleseder, K. A., Kenny, D. J., Trope, M., Sigurdsson, A., Andersson, L., Bourguignon, C., Flores, M. T., Hicks, M. L., et al. (2012) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01103.x · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Self-citationDay, P. F., Flores, M. T., O'Connell, A. C., Abbott, P. V., Tsilingaridis, G., Fouad, A. F., Cohenca, N., Lauridsen, E., Bourguignon, C., Hicks, L., et al. (2020) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12576 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of Traumatic Dental Injuries
Andersson, L. (2013) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.021 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationMalmgren, B., Andreasen, J. O., Flores, M. T., Robertson, A., DiAngelis, A. J., Andersson, L., Cavalleri, G., Cohenca, N., Day, P. F., Hicks, M. L., et al. (2012) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01146.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationDriving up the Quality and Relevance of Research Through the Use of Agreed Core Outcomes
Williamson, P., Altman, D., Blazeby, J., Clarke, M., & Gargon, E. (2012) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2011.011131 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Patients and professionals as research partners: Challenges, practicalities, and benefits
HEWLETT, S. E., de Wit, M. P. T., Richards, P., Quest, E. M., Hughes, R., Heiberg, T., & Kirwan, J. (2006) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.22091 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Harman, N., Bruce, I. A., Callery, P., Tierney, S., Sharif, M. O., O'Brien, K. D., & Williamson, P. R. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-70 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationDeveloping Short‐form Measures of Oral Health‐related Quality of Life
Locker, D., & Allen, P. (2002) · Journal of Public Health Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03415.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
de Wit, M. P. T., Abma, T., Loon, M. S. K.-V., Collins, S., & Kirwan, J. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002241 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis randomised trials over the last 50 years
Kirkham, J. J., Boers, M., Tugwell, P., Clarke, M. J., & Williamson, P. R. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-324 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Hidden consequences of dental trauma: the social and psychological effects.
Lee, J. Y., & Divaris, K. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sharif, M. O., Tejani‐Sharif, A., Kenny, K. P., & Day, P. F. (2015) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12227 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSmaïl‐Faugeron, V., Chabouis, H. F., Durieux, P., Attal, J., Muller‐Bolla, M., & Courson, F. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051908 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Standardising Outcomes in Paediatric Clinical Trials
Clarke, M. J. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050102 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Delphi study to identify core competencies in geriatric dentistry
Dolan, T. A., & Lauer, D. S. (2001) · Special Care in Dentistry · doi:10.1111/j.1754-4505.2001.tb00254.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A study of factors that influence the number of visits following traumatic dental injuries
Keasberry, J. F. S., Munyombwe, T., Duggal, M. S., & Day, P. F. (2013) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.532 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [25]25. Robertson A, Noren JG. Subjective aspects of patients with traumatised teeth. A fifteen year follow-up study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 1997; 55:3
- [26]26. Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2002; 12: 47-52
- [27]27. Howard KE, Freeman R. Reliability and validity of a faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2007; 17:281-288
- [28]28. Kaakko T, Murtomaa H. Factors predictive of anxiety before oral surgery: efficacy of various subject screening measures. Anesth Prog 1999; 46:3-9
- [29]29. Locker D, Shapiro D, Liddell A: Who is dentally anxious? Concordance between measures of dental anxiety. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24: 346-350
- [30]30. Kleinknecht RA, Thorndike RM, McGlynn FD, Harkavy J. Factor analysis of the dental fear survey and cross-validation. J Am Dent Assoc 1984; 108:59-61
- [31]31. Corah NL. Development of a dental anxiety scale. J Dent Res 1969;48:596-
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bourguignon, C., Cohenca, N., Lauridsen, E., Flores, M. T., O'Connell, A. C., Day, P. F., Tsilingaridis, G., Abbott, P. V., Fouad, A. F., Hicks, L., et al. (2020) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12578 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Self-citationDay, P. F., Flores, M. T., O'Connell, A. C., Abbott, P. V., Tsilingaridis, G., Fouad, A. F., Cohenca, N., Lauridsen, E., Bourguignon, C., Hicks, L., et al. (2020) · Dental Traumatology · doi:10.1111/edt.12576 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Self-citationDeveloping a core outcome set for periodontal trials
Lamont, T. J., Clarkson, J. E., Ricketts, D. N. J., Heasman, P. A., Ramsay, C. R., & Gillies, K. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254123 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kenny, K. P., Day, P. F., Sharif, M. O., Parashos, P., Lauridsen, E., Feldens, C. A., Cohenca, N., Skapetis, T., Levin, L., Kenny, D. J., Djemal, S., Malmgren, O., Chen, Y., Tsukisboshi, M., & Andersson, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Croydon University Hospital (GB)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (BR)
- University of Washington (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- King's College Hospital (GB)
- Orthodontic Clinic, Tandregleringen Huddinge, Stockholm Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology Department of General Dentistry and Emergency School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xian China
- Tsukiboshi Dental Clinic Aichi Japan
- Kuwait University (KW)
- Corresponding author
- Kenny, Kate P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Dental Traumatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-11-16
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-11
- ISSN
- 1600-4469 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-9657
- OpenAlex
- W2751794192
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Dental Traumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Malmö University Publications (Malmö University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Dental Trauma and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Facial Trauma and Fracture Management
- Keywords
- dental trauma, core outcome set, outcome measurement, children, adults, expert consensus, dentist survey, outcome reporting standardization
- MeSH terms
- Delphi Technique, Humans, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Tooth Injuries, Endpoint Determination, Consensus, Internationality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
