Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 265

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions

Open access
Cruccu, G., Garcia‐Larrea, L., Hansson, P., Keindl, M., Lefaucheur, J.‐P., Paulus, W., Taylor, R., Tronnier, V., Truini, A., Attal, N.·2016·European Journal of Neurology

Abstract

Background and purpose: Our aim was to update previous European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines on neurostimulation for neuropathic pain, expanding the search to new techniques and to chronic pain conditions other than neuropathic pain, and assessing the evidence with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation ( GRADE ) system. Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of trials published between 2006 and December 2014 was conducted. Pain conditions included neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome ( CRPS ) type I and post‐surgical chronic back and leg pain ( CBLP ). Spinal cord stimulation ( SCS ), deep brain stimulation ( DBS ), epidural motor cortex stimulation ( MCS ), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) and transcranial direct electrical stimulation ( tDCS ) of the primary motor cortex (M1) or dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) were assessed. The GRADE system was used to assess quality of evidence and propose recommendations. Results: The following recommendations were reached: ‘weak’ for SCS added to conventional medical management in diabetic painful neuropathy, CBLP and CRPS , for SCS versus reoperation in CBLP , for MCS in neuropathic pain, for rTMS of M1 in neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia and for tDCS of M1 in neuropathic pain; ‘inconclusive’ for DBS in neuropathic pain, rTMS and tDCS of the DLPFC , and for motor cortex tDCS in fibromyalgia and spinal cord injury pain. Conclusions: Given the poor to moderate quality of evidence identified by this review, future large‐scale multicentre studies of non‐invasive and invasive neurostimulation are encouraged. The collection of higher quality evidence of the predictive factors for the efficacy of these techniques, such as the duration, quality and severity of pain, is also recommended.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/ene.13103

Cites

73 of 73 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 73 references

Cited by

See all 265

Metadata

Authors
Cruccu, G., Garcia‐Larrea, L., Hansson, P., Keindl, M., Lefaucheur, J. ‐., Paulus, W., Taylor, R., Tronnier, V., Truini, A., & Attal, N.
Venue
European Journal of Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-08-11
Volume
23
Issue
10
Pages
1489-1499
ISSN
  • 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-1331
OpenAlex
W2511588780
Cited by
265
References
73
FWCI
30.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/ene.13103
The paper
Cruccu, G., Garcia‐Larrea, L., Hansson, P., Keindl, M., Lefaucheur, J. ‐., Paulus, W., Taylor, R., Tronnier, V., Truini, A., & Attal, N. (2016). EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions. European Journal of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13103

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.