The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of plasma 25(OH)D levels with the likelihood of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and hospitalization. The study population included the 14 000 members of Leumit Health Services, who were tested for COVID‐19 infection from February 1 st to April 30 th , 2020, and who had at least one previous blood test for the plasma 25(OH)D level. ‘Suboptimal’ or ‘low’ plasma 25(OH)D level was defined as plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or 25(OH)D, concentration below the level of 30 ng/mL. Of 7807 individuals, 782 (10.02%) were COVID‐19‐positive, and 7025 (89.98%) COVID‐19‐negative. The mean plasma vitamin D level was significantly lower among those who tested positive than negative for COVID‐19 [19.00 ng/mL (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.41–19.59) vs. 20.55 (95% CI: 20.32–20.78)]. Univariate analysis demonstrated an association between the low plasma 25(OH)D level and increased likelihood of COVID‐19 infection [crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.24–2.01, P < 0.001)], and of hospitalization due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus [crude OR of 2.09 (95% CI: 1.01–4.30, P < 0.05)]. In multivariate analyses that controlled for demographic variables, and psychiatric and somatic disorders, the adjusted OR of COVID‐19 infection [1.45 (95% CI: 1.08–1.95, P < 0.001)] and of hospitalization due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus [1.95 (95% CI: 0.98–4.845, P = 0.061)] were preserved. In the multivariate analyses, age over 50 years, male gender and low–medium socioeconomic status were also positively associated with the risk of COVID‐19 infection; age over 50 years was positively associated with the likelihood of hospitalization due to COVID‐19. We concluded that low plasma 25(OH)D levels appear to be an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China
Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, W., Song, Z.-G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z.-W., Tian, J.-H., Pei, Y.-Y., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3 · Cited by 11,688
Holick, M. F., Binkley, N. C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Gordon, C. M., Hanley, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Murad, M. H., & Weaver, C. M. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385 · Cited by 10,538
Ross, A. C., Manson, J. E., Abrams, S. A., Aloia, J. F., Brannon, P. M., Clinton, S. K., Durazo-Arvizu, R. A., Gallagher, J. C., Gallo, R. L., Jones, G., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2704 · Cited by 4,026
Adhikari, S. P., Meng, S., Wu, Y.-J., Mao, Y.-P., Ye, R.-X., Wang, Q.-Z., Sun, C., Sylvia, S., Rozelle, S., Raat, H., et al. (2020) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x · Cited by 2,402
Grant, W., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S., Baggerly, C., French, C., Aliano, J., & Bhattoa, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040988 · Cited by 2,066
Martineau, A. R., Jolliffe, D. A., Hooper, R. L., Greenberg, L., Aloia, J. F., Bergman, P., Dubnov-Raz, G., Esposito, S., Ganmaa, D., Ginde, A. A., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i6583 · Cited by 2,040
The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention
Holick, M. F. (2017) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-017-9424-1 · Cited by 1,511
CDC COVID-19 Response Team, CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Chow, N., Fleming-Dutra, K., Gierke, R., Hall, A., Hughes, M., Pilishvili, T., Ritchey, M., Roguski, K., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6913e2 · Cited by 1,404
Interactive Web-Based Data Visualization with R, plotly, and shiny
Sievert, C. (2020) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429447273 · Cited by 1,031
Alqahtani, J. S., Oyelade, T., Aldhahir, A. M., Alghamdi, S. M., Almehmadi, M., Alqahtani, A. S., Quaderi, S., Mandal, S., & Hurst, J. R. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 · Cited by 858
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 10.2174/1871526520999200505174704 · doi:10.2174/1871526520999200505174704
- 10.1111/apt.15796 · doi:10.1111/apt.15796
- Molloy EJ, 2020, Vitamin D, Covid‐19 and children, Ir Med J, 113, 64
- 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109767 · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109767
- 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.047 · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.047
- 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.033 · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.033
- 10.1183/13993003.01116-2020 · doi:10.1183/13993003.01116-2020
Cited by
Popkin, B. M., Du, S., Green, W. D., Beck, M. A., Algaith, T., Herbst, C. H., Alsukait, R. F., Alluhidan, M., Alazemi, N., & Shekar, M. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13128 · Cited by 1,150
Shakoor, H., Feehan, J., Al Dhaheri, A. S., Ali, H. I., Platat, C., Ismail, L. C., Apostolopoulos, V., & Stojanovska, L. (2021) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003 · Cited by 465
Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., et al. (2021) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x · Cited by 225
Wang, Y., Zheng, J., Islam, M. S., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., & Chen, X. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.59534 · Cited by 71
Nutrition and immunity: perspectives on key issues and next steps
Dunbar, C. L., Aukema, H. M., Calder, P. C., Gibson, D. L., Henrickson, S. E., Khan, S., Mailhot, G., Panahi, S., Tabung, F. K., Tom, M., et al. (2023) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2022-0276 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Merzon, E., Tworowski, D., Gorohovski, A., Vinker, S., Golan Cohen, A., Green, I., & Frenkel‐Morgenstern, M.
- Venue
- The FEBS Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-28
- Volume
- 287
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3693-3702
- ISSN
- 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
- 1742-4658
- OpenAlex
- W3044007210
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 61
- FWCI
- 53.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/febs.15495
- The paper
- Merzon, E., Tworowski, D., Gorohovski, A., Vinker, S., Golan Cohen, A., Green, I., & Frenkel‐Morgenstern, M. (2020). Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID‐19 infection: an Israeli population‐based study. The FEBS Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15495
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
