Cited by 375Invertebrate Taxonomy and EcologySoil Management and Crop YieldPlant and soil sciences

Conventional tillage decreases the abundance and biomass of earthworms and alters their community structure in a global meta‐analysis

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Briones, María Jesús I., Schmidt, Olaf·2017·Global Change Biology

Abstract

The adoption of less intensive soil cultivation practices is expected to increase earthworm populations and their contributions to ecosystem functioning. However, conflicting results have been reported on the effects of tillage intensity on earthworm populations, attributed in narrative reviews to site‐dependent differences in soil properties, climatic conditions and agronomic operations (e.g. fertilization, residue management and chemical crop protection). We present a quantitative review based on a global meta‐analysis, using paired observations from 165 publications performed over 65 years (1950–2016) across 40 countries on five continents, to elucidate this long‐standing unresolved issue. Results showed that disturbing the soil less (e.g. no‐tillage and conservation agriculture [CA]) significantly increased earthworm abundance (mean increase of 137% and 127%, respectively) and biomass (196% and 101%, respectively) compared to when the soil is inverted by conventional ploughing. Earthworm population responses were more pronounced when the soil had been under reduced tillage (RT) for a long time (>10 years), in warm temperate zones with fine‐textured soils, and in soils with higher clay contents (>35%) and low pH (<5.5). Furthermore, retaining organic harvest residues amplified this positive response to RT, whereas the use of the herbicide glyphosate did not significantly affect earthworm population responses to RT. Additional meta‐analyses confirmed that epigeic and, more importantly, the bigger‐sized anecic earthworms were the most sensitive ecological groups to conventional tillage. In particular, the deep burrower Lumbricus terrestris exhibited the strongest positive response to RT, increasing in abundance by 124% more than the overall mean of all 13 species analysed individually. The restoration of these two important ecological groups of earthworms and their burrowing, feeding and casting activities under various forms of RT will ensure the provision of ecosystem functions such as soil structure maintenance and nutrient cycling by “nature's plough.”

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  1. Jodaugienė D, Raudonius S, Špokienė N, Trečiokas K (2005) The influence of ploughing and ploughless soil tillage on soil properties in winter wheat crop. Agronomijas Vestis - Latvian Journal of Agronomy, 8, 200-205.
  2. Mallet JB, Lang PM, Arathoon AJ (1987) Changes in a Doveton clay loam after 12 years of direct drill maize production. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 4, 188-192.
  3. Pekrun C, Schneider N, Wüst C, Jauss F, Claupein, W (2003) Einfluss reduzierter Bodenbearbeitung auf Ertragsbildung, Unkrautdynamik und Regenwurmpopulationen im Ökologischen Landbau. In: Ökologischer Land-bau der Zukunft. Beiträge zur 7. Wissenschafts-tagung zum Ökologischen Landbau (ed Freyer B), pp. 21-24. Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna.
  4. Potthoff M (1999) Synchronisation des Stoffkreislaufs durch Förderung bodenbiologischer Prozesse im Ackerbau. PhD Thesis, Göttingen University, Cuvillier Verlag Göttingen, Germany, ISBN 3-89712-666-4.
  5. Rothstein H, Sutton A, Borenstein M (2005) Publication Bias in MA: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
  6. Satchell JE (1977) Lumbricidae. In: Soil Biology. 3rd edn (eds Burges A, Raw F), pp. 259- 322. Academic Press, London.
  7. Weber M, Emmerling C (2005) Long-term effects of reduced and conservation tillage in organic farming on soil organic matter and nutrient content, and soil biological properties. In: 8. Wissenschaftstagung Ökologischer Landbau: Ende der Nische (eds Heß, J, Rahmann G), pp. 5--8. Kassel, Germany. [In German with English summary]

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Authors
Briones, M. J. I., & Schmidt, O.
Affiliations
  • UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
  • University College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author
Briones, María Jesús I.
Venue
Global Change Biology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2017-05-31
Volume
23
Issue
10
Pages
4396-4419
ISSN
  • 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2486
OpenAlex
W2611958349
Cited by
375
References
161
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
FWCI
3.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
  • Universidad Nacional del Litoral
  • Bioforsk
  • Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
  • South Australian Research and Development Institute
  • Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet
  • Universitat de Lleida
  • Thünen-Institut
  • Agroscope
  • Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau
  • Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
  • Wageningen University and Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant and soil sciences
Keywords
earthworms, conventional tillage, reduced tillage, no-tillage, conservation agriculture, earthworm abundance, earthworm biomass, Lumbricus terrestris, anecic earthworms, epigeic earthworms, soil disturbance, glyphosate, soil properties, soil fauna, soil ecosystem services
MeSH terms
Agriculture, Animals, Feeding Behavior, Oligochaeta, Population Dynamics, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Ecosystem, Biomass

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