The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Childcare by migrant nannies and migrant grannies: A critical discourse analysis of new policy solutions for securing reproductive labor in Australian households
Abstract
Migrant nannies (au pairs) and migrant grannies (migrant grandparents) have emerged in Australian policy and public discourses as new “solutions” to the “problems” of unmet needs for reproductive labor in households and the under‐utilization of working‐aged Australian women in the workforce. Despite their similarities – both are pitched as sources of extended or fictive kin for the provision of childcare – these two classes of migrants are rarely thought about together. Using a critical discourse analysis of policy and media documents between 2013 and 2019, this article examines how debates concerning migrant nannies and migrant grannies are framed and explores the implications for the distribution of reproductive labor. Findings reveal new directions in the distribution of reproductive labor to fictive and extended migrant kin and highlight the importance of an intersectional approach to understanding the complex interactions not only between gender, class, migration status, and ethnicity but also age in new articulations of Australia's work‐care regime.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“poor employment opportunities (Hamilton, Kintominas et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Adamson2021; Shankar Reference Shankar2003; Sohn Reference Sohn2007)”
From Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Hamilton, Kintominas et al. 2021
In the citing paper
“Taking on such care sometimes requires grandparents to give up paid work in their homeland to fulfil these family duties in the host country (Deneva Reference Deneva2012; Hamilton et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Brennan2018; Hamilton, Kintominas et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Adamson2021; Shankar Reference Shankar2003).”
From Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Hamilton, Kintominas et al. 2021
In the citing paper
“Visa conditions often deny work rights to grandparent visitors (Braedley et al. Reference Braedley, Côté-Boucher and Przednowek2019; Hamilton, Hill et al. Reference Hamilton, Hill and Kintominas2021; Hamilton, Kintominas et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Adamson2021).”
From Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Hamilton, Kintominas et al. 2021
In the citing paper
“They simultaneously fail to acknowledge grandparents’ significant contributions to the host economy in the form of unpaid care work (Askola Reference Askola2016a, Reference Askola2016b; Hamilton, Kintominas et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Adamson2021).”
From Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Hamilton, Kintominas et al. 2021
In the citing paper
“Providing unpaid work in terms of childcare and housekeeping, often replacing adult children as the primary carers (Subramaniam Reference Subramaniam2019), can place a heavy care burden on migrant grandparents, particularly grandmothers, a challenge identified in 23 sources (Chiu and Ho Reference Chiu and Ho2020; Hamilton, Kintominas et al. Reference Hamilton, Kintominas and Adamson2021; Ho and Ch”
From Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as Hamilton, Kintominas et al. 2021
Citations
Cites
Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis
Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/669608 · Cited by 4,126
Baldassar, L., & Wilding, R. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnz156 · Cited by 140
Research works printed but not linked: 98
- 10.1002/ajs4.1 · DOI
- Adkins L., 2019, Social reproduction in the neoliberal era: Payments, leverage, and the minskian household, Polygraph, 27, 19
- 10.1057/9781137495549 · DOI
- 10.4324/9781315544533 · DOI
- Amin A., 2011, Post‐Fordism: A reader
- 10.1057/9781137319708_3 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468‐0432.2009.00461.x · DOI
- 10.1080/13200968.2016.1258750 · DOI · Paper page
- Au Pair Assist, 2014, Submission on childcare and early childhood learning
- Australian Multicultural Council, 2015, Public inquiry: Migrant intake into Australia
- 10.1080/01596300050005493 · DOI
- Baxter J., 2005, Asian women as transnational domestic workers, 380
- 10.1057/9781137377487_12 · DOI
- Berg L., 2018, Cultural exchange or cheap housekeeper? Findings of a national survey of Au pairs in Australia, 68
- 10.2307/j.ctt1vz494j.5 · DOI
- 10.1332/030557312X655602 · DOI
- Boucher A., 2015, Submission to draft productivity commission report on Australia's migrant intake
- 10.1177/0958928712449772 · DOI
- 10.1007/978-3-319-55086-2_7 · DOI
- 10.1177/089124391005003004 · DOI
- 10.1177/1464700119833039 · DOI
- 10.1177/0049124113500475 · DOI · Paper page
- CAPAA, 2014, Future demand for Au Pairs: An industry perspective
- CAPAA, 2017, Pilot Au pair visa program proposal: Addressing Australia's child care crisis while improving care quality and boosting the economy
- Charlton Brown, 2014, Submission
- 10.1111/1467‐8500.12194 · DOI
- Costa M. D., 1975, The power of women and the subversion of the community
- 10.1057/9781137377487_15 · DOI
- 10.5040/9781350218536 · DOI
- 10.1332/policypress/9781447340645.003.0008 · DOI
- 10.1177/0003122411427673 · DOI
- 10.1080/13668803.2012.722013 · DOI
- Department of Home Affairs, Introducing the temporary sponsored parent visa: Frequently asked questions
- Department of Home Affairs, Australian Government, 2020, Visa processing times: Parent visas—Queue release dates and processing times
- Department of Immigration and Border Protection, 2015, Working holiday marker visa programme
- Dutton MP P., 2018, House of Representatives (Hansard)
- Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016, Nannies & au pairs: Employment status & award coverage (page ref no. K600086)
- 10.4135/9780857028020.d8 · DOI
- 10.4324/9780203809068.ch1 · DOI
- 10.1080/19460171.2013.798239 · DOI
- Federici S., 2004, Caliban and the witch
- 10.1080/02680939.2018.1502815 · DOI
- 10.1177/0011392118765281 · DOI
- Folbre N., 2012, For love or money: Care provision in the United States
- 10.1177/1468796813483727 · DOI
- 10.2307/j.ctt1vz494j.6 · DOI
- 10.1177/0309132517702970 · DOI
- Glaser K., 2013, Grandparenting in Europe: Family policy and grandparents' role in providing childcare
- 10.1177/0896920518765931 · DOI
- 10.1177/1476127012452821 · DOI
- 10.1111/1468‐4446.12267 · DOI
- 10.1080/13669877.2012.726250 · DOI
- 10.1177/1440783315625117 · DOI
- Hamilton M., 2018, The temporary sponsored parent visa, migrant grandparents and transnational family life
- 10.1017/S0144686X19001855 · DOI
- Heron A., 2017, Women, work and care in the Asia‐Pacific, 167, 10.4324/9781315652467-11 · DOI
- Hill E., 2018, The Pacific labour scheme and transnational family life
- Howe J., 2019, Migration pathways for frontline care workers in Australia and New Zealand: Front doors, side doors, back doors and trapdoors, UNSW Law Journal, 42, 211
- Larsen G., 2013, Family migration to Australia, 11
- Law Council of Australia, 2018, Managing Australia's migrant intake
- 10.1080/17405900701464816 · DOI
- 10.1093/sp/8.2.152 · DOI
- Lewis R.(2018 September 19). I didn't deviate on au pairs: Dutton.The Australian. · DOI
- Ley MP S., 2014, Radio National with James Carleton: Productivity commission's draft report into child care
- 10.1093/migration/mnx046 · DOI
- 10.1080/14782804.2011.610605 · DOI
- Luxton M., 2018, Handbook on the international political economy of gender, 37
- 10.59962/9780774821070 · DOI
- 10.22459/UC.08.2016.04 · DOI
- 10.1177/026101830002000305 · DOI
- McKim S. N., 2018, Second reading speech: Migration amendment (family violence and other measures) bill 2016, 8739
- 10.1007/978-3-319-55086-2 · DOI
- Migration Institute of Australia, 2015, Planning the migration programme for 2016‐17
- Morrison S., 2013, Address to the migration Institute of Australia national conference, Canberra
- Morrison S., 2018, Transcript of interview with Karl Stefanovic: Today show: 20 September 2018: Food safety; drought relief; Peter Dutton
- 10.1186/s41239‐018‐0093‐2 · DOI
- 10.1111/ajag.12321 · DOI
- Neumann MP S., 2018, Second reading speech (appropriation bill (no.3) 2017‐18, appropriation bill (No. 4) 2017‐17)
- 10.1080/02185385.2017.1406821 · DOI
- Productivity Commission, 2014, Childcare and early childhood learning
- Productivity Commission, 2016, Migrant intake into Australia (inquiry report: overview and recommendations No. 77)
- 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.006 · DOI
- 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199751457.013.0011 · DOI
- 10.1111/gwao.12172 · DOI
- Senate Standing Committees on Education and Employment, 2016, A national disgrace: The exploitation of temporary work visa holders
- 10.4324/9780203097571.ch16 · DOI
- 10.1057/9781137377487_8 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1468‐0432.2004.00288.x · DOI
- 10.1332/239788217X14944099147786 · DOI
- 10.1093/sp/4.3.362 · DOI
- 10.4324/9781315191751 · DOI
- Williams F., 1989, Social policy: A critical introduction: Issues of race, gender, and class
- 10.1177/0958928712449771 · DOI
- 10.4337/9781785367168.00008 · DOI
- 10.4135/9780857028020.d3 · DOI
- 10.1017/S1474746404002350 · DOI
- 10.1057/9780230228351 · DOI
- 10.1177/1350506806065752 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Transnational grandparent migration and care-giving: a systematic scoping review
Nguyen, H. T., Stevens, C., & Baldassar, L. (2025) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x24000436 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Hamilton, M., Kintominas, A., & Adamson, E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hamilton, Myra
- Venue
- Gender, Work & Organization
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-09-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1290-1311
- ISSN
- 0968-6673 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0432
- OpenAlex
- W3194683252
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gender Work and Organization (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (DP160100175)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies
- Keywords
- au pairs, child care, reproductive labor, fictive kinship, migration policy, intersectionality, gender, age, Australian households
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Childcare by migrant nannies and migrant grannies: A critical discourse analysis of new policy solutions for securing reproductive labor in Australian households. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/gwao.12749
- The paper
- Hamilton, M., Kintominas, A., & Adamson, E. (2024). Childcare by migrant nannies and migrant grannies: A critical discourse analysis of new policy solutions for securing reproductive labor in Australian households. Gender, Work & Organization. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12749
