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Cited by 8melanin and skin pigmentationCutaneous Melanoma Detection and ManagementColor Science and Applications

Determination of melanin types and relative concentrations: an observational study using a non‐invasive inverse skin reflectance analysis

Hani, A. F. M., Baba, R., Shamsuddin, N., Nugroho, H.·2014·International Journal of Cosmetic Science
DOI 10.1111/ics.12147
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Abstract

Synopsis: Objective: Melanin is a major skin colour pigment that made up of eumelanin (the dark brown–black colour) and pheomelanin (the light red–yellow colour) pigments. Skin‐whitening products typically contain depigmentation agents that reduce the level of pigmentation by changing the pheomelanin–eumelanin production. Similarly, in skin pigment treatment of skin disorders, the melanin production is managed accordingly. To assess and improve treatment efficacy, it is important to have a measurement tool that is capable of determining the melanin types objectively. So far, the efficacy assessment is subjective. In this study, an inverse skin reflectance pigmentation analysis system that determines eumelanin and pheomelanin content is developed and evaluated in an observational study involving 36 participants with skin photo type IV. Methods: The reflectance spectra of the left forearms of participants were analysed by the pigmentation analysis system to determine their skin parameters – pheomelanin and eumelanin concentrations, melanosome volume fraction, and epidermal thickness. The determined skin parameters are then inputted into the realistic skin model (RSM) of the Advanced Systems Analyses Program (asap®) to generate the ground truth reflectance spectra for the given skin parameters to validate the system. Results: The developed pigmentation analysis system is found to be accurate with a spectral error of 0.0163 ± 0.009 between measured reflectance and the reflectance output of the analysis system and RSM. The regression analysis shows a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.994) indicating good precision. The relative concentrations of pheomelanin (38.23 ± 15.04) and eumelanin (1.68 ± 0.91) analysed by the system gives a ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin of 0.048 ± 0.029; this value is consistent with previously reported figure of 0.049. Conclusion: The proposed pigmentation analysis system is able to determine melanin types and their relative concentrations. It has the potential to assess the efficacy of the skin‐whitening and pigmentation treatments objectively in a non‐invasive manner.

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Crossref · 10.1111/ics.12147

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  • Hani et al. showed that eumelanin absorption was most important when determining the overall optical properties of the skin.

    “Hani et al.26 measured the ratio of eumelanin to pheomelanin in the epidermis of the forearm from 30 individuals of skin type IV using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and showed that eumelanin absorption was most important when determining the overall optical properties of the skin.”

    From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors
Hani, A. F. M., Baba, R., Shamsuddin, N., & Nugroho, H.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Teknologi Petronas (MY)
  • Hospital Kuala Lumpur (MY)
  • Department of Dermatology Hospital Serdang Lebuh Raya Selayang‐Kepong 68100 Batu Caves Selangor Malaysia
Corresponding author
  • Hani, A. F. M.
  • Nugroho, H.
ORCID
Nugroho, H.
Venue
International Journal of Cosmetic Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-08-04
Volume
36
Issue
5
Pages
451-458
ISSN
  • 0142-5463 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-2494
DOI
10.1111/ics.12147
OpenAlex
W1985936005
Cited by
8
References
19
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2020: 2
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • International Journal of Cosmetic Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Color Science and Applications
Keywords
melanin, eumelanin, pheomelanin, skin reflectance, epidermal thickness, non-invasive skin analysis
MeSH terms
Humans, Melanins, Models, Biological, Skin Pigmentation

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