The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI
Abstract
The concept of sun-reactive "skin typing" was created in 19751for a specific need: to be able to classify personswith white skinin order to select the correct initial doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) (in joules per cubic centimeter) in the application of the then newly developed technique for the treatment of psoriasis—oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA).2The need arose as a result of experience with several patients who were a "dark" phenotype (brown or even black hair, and some with brown eyes) but, to our surprise, developed severe phototoxic reactions following oral ingestion of 0.6 mg/kg of methoxsalen and then, two hours later, were exposed to 4 to 6 J/cm2. These initial doses were obviously too high, and it was then understood that the estimation of the white-skinned person's tolerance level to oral PUVA could not be based solely on the phenotype (hair and eye color).
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For human-centric computer vision models, the visual presentation of age, gender, and Fitzpatrick skin type may be relevant.
“For human-centric computer vision models, the visual presentation of age, gender, and Fitzpatrick skin type [15] may be relevant.”
From Model Cards for Model Reporting (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The sun sensitivity variable measures sun sensitivity by assessing the skin's tendency to burn, similar to the Fitzpatrick scale, but also captures the severity of the burn.
“Similar to the Fitzpatrick scale,14 this variable measures sun sensitivity by assessing the skin’s tendency to burn, but the question also captures the severity of the burn.”
From Patterns of sunscreen use on the face and other exposed skin among US adults (2015) · cites this paper as [14]
The FSP scale is commonly used to describe skin pigmentation according to the skin tanning response to UVR.
“The FSP scale is commonly used to describe skin pigmentation according to the skin tanning response to UVR [105,106,107].”
From Skin pigmentation influence on pulse oximetry accuracy: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
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“As MIAP does not contain perceived skin tone annotations, we use a proprietary dataset that contains annotations for the perceived Fitzpatrick skin type [36], which ranges from 1 (lightest skin tone) to 6 (darkest skin tone).”
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- Authors
- Fitzpatrick, T. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzpatrick, Thomas B.
- Venue
- Archives of Dermatology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1988-06-01
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 869
- ISSN
- 0003-987X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4250928742
- Cited by
- 4,339
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 206 · 2025: 206 · 2024: 250 · 2023: 255 · 2022: 289 · 2021: 276 · 2020: 228 · 2019: 219 · 2018: 212 · 2017: 187 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 126 · 2013: 136 · 2012: 132
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- phototoxicity, PUVA, 8-methoxypsoralen, psoriasis treatment
- MeSH terms
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Erythema, Humans, Methods, Psoriasis, PUVA Therapy, Skin, Skin Pigmentation, Sunburn, Sunlight, Ultraviolet Rays
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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