The prospective relationship between low muscle mass and thyroid hormones among 198 069 euthyroid men and women; comparing different definitions of low muscle mass
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Objective The impact of thyroid hormones within normal range on muscle mass remains unknown. We examined the association between new onset of low muscle mass (LMM) and thyroid hormones among euthyroid men and women with three different definitions of LMM in prospective cohort study. Methods We performed a cohort study of 198 069 Korean adults (mean age of 39.2 years), free of LMM at baseline, who participated in a repeated screening examination and were followed up annually or biennially for up to 6.3 years. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxin (FT4) levels were measured by an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Muscle mass was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. LMM was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) by body weight (ASM/weight, LMM-W), height squared (ASM/height2, LMM-H) and BMI (ASM/BMI, LMM-B) of one standard deviation below the sex-specific mean for young reference group. Results During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 2.0-4.1 years), new-onset LMM-W, LMM-H and LMM-B occurred in 17 856 (incident rate, 27.8 per 1000 person-years), 8307 (incident rate, 13.4 per 1000 person-years) and 13 990 participants (incident rate, 24.5 per 1000 person-years) in each. In euthyroid men, FT4 was inversely and FT3 positively associated with incident LMM-W in a dose-response manner. TSH and FT4 had inverse dose-response relationship with incident LMM-B. Incident LMM-H of euthyroid men has no apparent associations with any thyroid hormones. Euthyroid women had no dose-response relationship between thyroid hormones and any definition of LMM. Conclusions Among euthyroid men, FT4 had inverse dose-response association with new onset of LMM defined with weight (LMM-W) and BMI (LMM-B). Height squared LMM (LMM-H) had no apparent relationship with any thyroid hormones. Euthyroid women had no dose-responsive association between thyroid hormones and incident LMM.
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Data on the association between T3/fT3 and muscle mass are conflicting.
“Nevertheless, data on the association between T3/fT3 and muscle mass are conflicting and some studies found negative (35, 123), while others positive associations (124–126), with some differences between men and women.”
From Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism (2021) · cites this paper as [124]
Other studies found positive associations between T3/fT3 and muscle mass.
“Nevertheless, data on the association between T3/fT3 and muscle mass are conflicting and some studies found negative (35, 123), while others positive associations (124–126), with some differences between men and women.”
From Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism (2021) · cites this paper as [124]
There are some differences between men and women in the association between T3/fT3 and muscle mass.
“Nevertheless, data on the association between T3/fT3 and muscle mass are conflicting and some studies found negative (35, 123), while others positive associations (124–126), with some differences between men and women.”
From Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism (2021) · cites this paper as [124]
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Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism
Effraimidis, G., Watt, T., & Feldt-Rasmussen, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.641560 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Park, Y. S., Chang, Y., Lee, Y., Shin, H., Ryu, S., & Yoon, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Changwon Hospital (KR)
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (KR)
- Center for Cohort Studies Total Healthcare CenterKangbuk Samsung HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Corresponding author
- Ryu, Seungho
- Yoon, Kyung Jae
- Venue
- International Journal of Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-29
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e13710-e13710
- ISSN
- 1368-5031 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-1241
- PMC
- PMC7988611
- OpenAlex
- W3087327263
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Clinical Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- low muscle mass, thyroid hormones, euthyroidism, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, sex differences, dose-response relationship, Korean adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Muscles, Prospective Studies, Thyroid Hormones, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Cohort Studies
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