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Cited by 458Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.

Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective‐longitudinal community study

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Wittchen, H‐U., Kessler, R. C., Pfister, H., Höfler, M., Lieb, R.·2000·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
DOI 10.1111/j.0065-1591.2000.acp29-03.x
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Abstract

Objective: To examine the temporal relationships of anxiety and depressive disorders, their risk factors and to explore why people with anxiety develop depression. Method: Data from an original 4–5‐year prospective‐longitudinal community study (N=3021) of adolescents and young adults with DSM‐IV anxiety and depressive disorders identified with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview are used to examine risk factors, as well as course and outcome. Results: (i) Anxiety disorders, except for panic disorder, are almost always primary conditions. (ii) Over the follow‐up period, rates of comorbid anxiety‐depression increased substantially and resulted in increased impairment and disabilities. (iii) Predictors for first onset of ‘pure’ depressive and ‘pure’ anxiety disorders revealed recognizable differences. (iv) Baseline clinical characteristics of anxiety disorders were significantly associated with an increased risk to develop major depression over the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Findings suggest that most anxiety disorders are primary disorders that substantially increase the risk for secondary depression.

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Metadata

Authors
Wittchen, H., Kessler, R. C., Pfister, H., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R.
Affiliations
Max Planck Society (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2000-12
Volume
102
Issue
s406
Pages
14-23
ISSN
  • 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
  • 1600-0447
DOI
10.1111/j.0065-1591.2000.acp29-03.x
OpenAlex
W2026839049
Cited by
458
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
FWCI
9.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3444 d)
Locations
  • Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
anxiety disorders, depression, comorbidities, comorbid depression and anxiety, risk factors, depression onset, course and outcome, adolescents and young adults, panic disorder, functional disability
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Comorbidity

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