Cited by 458Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and Access

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Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective‐longitudinal community study

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Wittchen, H‐U., Kessler, R. C., Pfister, H., Höfler, M., Lieb, R.·2000·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

DOI 10.1111/j.0065-1591.2000.acp29-03.x

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Abstract

Objective: To examine the temporal relationships of anxiety and depressive disorders, their risk factors and to explore why people with anxiety develop depression. Method: Data from an original 4–5‐year prospective‐longitudinal community study (N=3021) of adolescents and young adults with DSM‐IV anxiety and depressive disorders identified with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview are used to examine risk factors, as well as course and outcome. Results: (i) Anxiety disorders, except for panic disorder, are almost always primary conditions. (ii) Over the follow‐up period, rates of comorbid anxiety‐depression increased substantially and resulted in increased impairment and disabilities. (iii) Predictors for first onset of ‘pure’ depressive and ‘pure’ anxiety disorders revealed recognizable differences. (iv) Baseline clinical characteristics of anxiety disorders were significantly associated with an increased risk to develop major depression over the follow‐up period. Conclusion: Findings suggest that most anxiety disorders are primary disorders that substantially increase the risk for secondary depression.

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Authors: Wittchen, H., Kessler, R. C., Pfister, H., Höfler, M., & Lieb, R.
Affiliations: Max Planck Society (DE)
ORCID: Kessler, R. C.
Höfler, M.
Venue: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2000-12
Volume: 102
Issue: s406
Pages: 14-23
ISSN: 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
1600-0447
DOI: 10.1111/j.0065-1591.2000.acp29-03.x
OpenAlex: W2026839049
Cited by: 458
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 9.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3444 d)
Locations: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: anxiety disorders, depression, comorbidities, comorbid depression and anxiety, risk factors, depression onset, course and outcome, adolescents and young adults, panic disorder, functional disability
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Comorbidity

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Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective‐longitudinal community study

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