Progressive Changes in the Structure of Hardened C 3 S Cement Pastes due to Carbonation
Abstract
The structures of partially carbonated hardened C 3 S cement pastes have been investigated by a combination of 29 Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and analytical transmission electron microscopy, supported by X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Progressive changes in structure are reported for thin slices for a paste carbonated in pure CO 2 for times from 1 to 16 h, and the results are compared with those for a paste carbonated for 2 months in air. C‐S‐H gel of reduced Ca:Si ratio and increased silicate polymerization was formed during the early stages of carbonation. The morphology of the original C‐S‐H was, in the main, retained. A cross‐linked silica‐rich gel formed at later times in paste carbonated in CO 2 but not up to the time of 2 months in air. Calcium carbonate took the form of microcrystals of vaterite and calcite which formed dense masses between gel fibrils and around partially reacted CH crystals, possibly accounting for the observed slowing in the rate of reaction of CH with time.
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The remaining portlandite under the natural condition is attributed to the formation of a slightly diffusive calcium carbonate layer around portlandite grains that hindered their dissolution, indicating that the carbonation process never reached the ultimate state in the natural condition (0.03% CO2).
“The remaining portlandite, under the natural condition, can be attributed to the formation of a slightly diffusive calcium carbonate layer around the grains of portlandite that hindered their dissolution, indicating that the carbonation process never reached the ultimate state in the natural condition (0.03% CO 2 ).”
From XRD and 29Si MAS NMR study on carbonated cement paste under accelerated carbonation using different concentration of CO2 (2019) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Initially, the reaction rate between CO2 and portlandite is more rapid than the carbonation of C–S–H gel phase [50].”
BackgroundSaeki, N., Kurihara, R., Ohkubo, T., Teramoto, A., Suda, Y., Kitagaki, R., & Maruyama, I. (2025) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107777 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
MAS NMR Studies of Partially Carbonated Portland Cement and Tricalcium Silicate Pastes
Thomas, S., Meise‐Gresch, K., Müller‐Warmuth, W., & Odler, I. (1993) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb08323.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Groves, G. W., Brough, A., Richardson, I. G., & Dobson, C. M.
- Affiliations
- American Ceramic Society (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-11
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2891-2896
- ISSN
- 0002-7820 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-2916
- OpenAlex
- W2154453106
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Ceramic Society (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Keywords
- carbonation, tricalcium silicate, hardened cement paste, calcium silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide, vaterite, calcite, microcrystals, silicate polymerization, CO2 carbonation, microstructure
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