Understanding the carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials: a critical review by RILEM TC 281-CCC
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Blended cements, where Portland cement clinker is partially replaced by supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), provide the most feasible route for reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with concrete production. However, lowering the clinker content can lead to an increasing risk of neutralisation of the concrete pore solution and potential reinforcement corrosion due to carbonation. carbonation of concrete with SCMs differs from carbonation of concrete solely based on Portland cement (PC). This is a consequence of the differences in the hydrate phase assemblage and pore solution chemistry, as well as the pore structure and transport properties, when varying the binder composition, age and curing conditions of the concretes. The carbonation mechanism and kinetics also depend on the saturation degree of the concrete and CO 2 partial pressure which in turn depends on exposure conditions (e.g. relative humidity, volume, and duration of water in contact with the concrete surface and temperature conditions). This in turn influence the microstructural changes identified upon carbonation. This literature review, prepared by members of RILEM technical committee 281-CCC carbonation of concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, working groups 1 and 2, elucidates the effect of numerous SCM characteristics, exposure environments and curing conditions on the carbonation mechanism, kinetics and structural alterations in cementitious systems containing SCMs.
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Carbonation behavior of blended binders must be interpreted together with pore transport properties and chemical buffering capacity.
“Carbonation behavior of blended binders must be interpreted together with pore transport properties and chemical buffering capacity [6, 11, 18, 19].”
From Mechanical Properties and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Low-Carbon Concrete with Blended Binder Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
It is preferable to improve salt resistance by reducing chloride ingress through modification of the concrete material itself.
“Therefore, it is preferable to improve salt resistance by reducing chloride ingress through modification of the concrete material itself [5, 6, 10, 11].”
From Mechanical Properties and Chloride Penetration Resistance of Low-Carbon Concrete with Blended Binder Systems (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
Section 3.1 discusses how changes to concrete composition affect carbonation resistance, not salt resistance. A search for chloride ingress and penetration found references to other works, but no passage in this paper recommends modifying concrete to reduce chloride ingress. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Cited by
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- Authors
- von Greve-Dierfeld, S., Lothenbach, B., Vollpracht, A., Wu, B., Huet, B., Andrade, C., Medina, C., Thiel, C., Gruyaert, E., Vanoutrive, H., Saéz del Bosque, I. F., Ignjatovic, I., Elsen, J., Provis, J. L., Scrivener, K., Thienel, K.-C., Sideris, K., Zajac, M., Alderete, N., Cizer, Ö., Van den Heede, P., Hooton, R. D., Kamali-Bernard, S., Bernal, S. A., Zhao, Z., Shi, Z., & De Belie, N.
- Affiliations
- Empa (CH)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- LafargeHolcim (France) (FR)
- International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (ES)
- Universidad de Extremadura (ES)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Universität der Bundeswehr München (DE)
- Democritus University of Thrace (GR)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes (FR)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University of Liège (BE)
- ORCID
- von Greve-Dierfeld, Stefanie
- Lothenbach, Barbara
- Vollpracht, Anya
- Wu, Bei
- Huet, Bruno
- Andrade, Carmen
- Medina, César
- Thiel, Charlotte
- Gruyaert, Elke
- Vanoutrive, Hanne
- Saéz del Bosque, Isabel F.
- Ignjatovic, Ivan
- Elsen, Jan
- Provis, John L.
- Scrivener, Karen
- Thienel, Karl-Christian
- Sideris, Kosmas
- Alderete, Natalia
- Cizer, Özlem
- Van den Heede, Philip
- Hooton, Robert Douglas
- Kamali-Bernard, Siham
- Bernal, Susan A.
- Zhao, Zengfeng
- Shi, Zhenguo
- De Belie, Nele
- Venue
- Materials and Structures
- Published
- 2020-10-22
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- -
- ISSN
- 0025-5432 (ISSN-L)
- 1359-5997
- 1871-6873
- OpenAlex
- W3093787714
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 186
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 20.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Materials and Structures (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- GraFar (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1903457)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (3E013917, G0F3619N)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (12ZG820N, 3E013917, G0F3619N)
- KU Leuven
- Vlaamse regering
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (1903457, EP/T008407/1, R001642, EP/R001642/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete Corrosion and Durability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete Properties and Behavior
- Keywords
- concrete carbonation, supplementary cementitious materials, blended cement, clinker replacement, CO2 emissions, pore fluid chemistry, reinforcement corrosion, carbonation kinetics, partial pressure of CO2, curing conditions, exposure conditions, concrete microstructure, pore structure
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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