Interpersonal factors and post‐treatment drinking and subjective wellbeing
Abstract
Aims.A conceptual clarification of the domain of social relationships defines three aspects of social relationships (structure, function and quality), which have both alcohol‐specific and general components. We analyse the correlations among post‐treatment indicators of social relationships and the associations between these interpersonal variables and post‐treatment drinking and subjective wellbeing.Design.This is a secondary analysis of data from an alcohol treatment outcome study, in which subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions and followed for 18 months.Setting.The outpatient treatment program is located within a private psychiatric hospital in the north‐eastern United States.Participants.We analyzed the 140 subjects who completed a social network instrument 12 months following treatment assignment.Intervention.This secondary analysis combined clients from three treatment conditions, all of which were based upon social learning theory.Measurements.Interview and questionnaire self‐report data were collected by trained interviewers.Findings.Indicators of social relationships are found to be relatively independent of one another. Only alcohol‐specific social relationship indicators are significantly associated with drinking outcomes, and only general indicators are significantly associated with subjective wellbeing. Functional indicators, addressing social interaction content, have stronger effects on outcomes than structural or quality indicators. General and alcohol‐specific support from friends have more influence than support from family; both surpass the influence of co‐workers.Conclusions A better understanding of the roles of social relationships during the course of treatment and recovery or relapse may help clarify how treatment personnel can utilize clients' interpersonal relationships more effectively to maximize treatment effectiveness.
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Social support is an important factor in recovery from alcohol and drug use.
“Social support is frequently noted as an important factor in recovery from alcohol and drug use (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997; Havassy et al., 1991).”
From The Importance of Social Support in Recovery Populations: Toward a Multilevel Understanding (2023) · cites this paper as Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997
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“KEYWORDS Substance abuse; recovery; social support; multi-level confirmatory factor analysis Social support is frequently noted as an important factor in recovery from alcohol and drug use disorders (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997; Havassy et al., 1991).”
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“In alcohol outcomes, it has long been recognized that although general support promotes overall well-being, alcohol-specific social support is related to alcohol use (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997).”
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“Higher investment in one’s social network and higher quality and/or closeness in relationships are associated with reduced alcohol consumption and increased rates of abstinence from alcohol (Beattie and Longabaugh 1997; HunterReel et al. 2009; McCrady et al. 2002; Zywiak et al. 2002).”
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“People with friends, family and co-workers who encourage abstinence are more likely to achieve remission from drug and alcohol use (Albertsen, Borg, & Oldenburg, 2006; Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997; Bond, Kaskutas, & Weisner, 2003).”
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“…for abstinence from alcohol use) is a more important contributor to rehabilitation from alcohol misuse than is General Social Support (e.g., having a friend/family to whom a person can talk to or trust) (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997, 1999; Carey et al., 2016; Havassy, Hall, & Wasserman, 1991).”
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“Family support for abstinence is associated with significantly more days of abstinence (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997), and positive posttreatment family relations lead to better outcomes (Ellis et al., 2004).”
BackgroundUnderstanding pathways to recovery from alcohol use disorder in a Black community
Vose-O’Neal, A., Christmas, S., Alfaro, K. A., Dunigan, R., Leon, A. P., Hickman, D., Johnson, A., Kim, M. L., & Reif, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1537059 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…facilitators to recovery initiation and recovery maintenance, such as receiving support from a social network, repairing relationships or cutting ties with negative influences, and finding or re-finding meaning and purpose in one’s life, are recurring themes in the recovery literature (28, 66–69).”
Lewis, J. P. (2020) · Global Social Work · doi:10.5772/intechopen.90548 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sarpavaara, H. (2014) · Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.1515/nsad-2015-0010 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bindungsmuster von Cannabis- und Ecstasykonsumenten
Schindler, A., Sack, P., & Thomasius, R. (2012) · SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice · doi:10.1024/0939-5911.a000160 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Support Problem Solving and Self Esteem among Individuals with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Pawar, S., Kiran, M., & Singh, A. (2017) · doi:10.29120/ijpsw.2017.v8.i2.32 · Cited by 1
A Case Study of Family Therapy for a Daughter with a Binge-Drinking Problem
Lim, R., & Park, T. (2015) · doi:10.7466/jkhma.2015.33.3.31 · Cited by 1
채, 숙., 신, 재., 조, 근., & 김, 혜. (2010) · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.4.013013 · Cited by 1
Circles of recovery : self-help organizations for addictions
Humphreys, K. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543883 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Networks of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators
Viola, W. (2014) · doi:10.15760/etd.1932 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…2014 Wendy Elaine Viola SOCIAL NETWORKS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PERPETRATORS i Abstract Empirical research in the areas of substance abuse (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997; Beattie & Longabaugh, 1999; Falkin & Strauss, 2002; Gordon & Zrull, 1991; Humphreys & Noke, 1997; Mohr et al., 2001;…”
InfluentialFamily Attitudes Influence on the Prognosis of Problem Gamblers
Fan, B. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01464-8
Vigh, E., Attwood, A., & Roudaut, A. (2024) · Australasian Computer-Human Interaction Conference · doi:10.1145/3726986.3727903
“A person in AUD recovery will have different habits to someone who has always drank just under the weekly limit [23].”
Characterization of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in Arizona from 2010-2017
Eaves, E., Barber, J., Whealy, R. N., Clancey, S. A., Wright, R., Cocking, J., Spadafino, J., & Hepp, C. M. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.20099531
Economic Dissimilarity and Online Rating Behavior
Xu, D.-P., Xu, D., Xie, P., & Li, R. (2019) · International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management · doi:10.1109/icsssm.2019.8887709
“In order to reduce skewness [27], natural logtransformations are adopted for economic dissimilarity, restaurant popularity, reviewer social capital, reviewer travel and review experience.”
BackgroundClaisse, C. (2017) · doi:10.70675/ddd3d411ze8b9z41aez816az0e0d1aaab7b5
“En effet, les travaux de Beattie & Longabaugh (1997) soulignent qu’un soutien social fonctionnel est prédictif de meilleurs résultats sur les niveaux de consommation, et le bien être psychique de l’individu.”
BackgroundJokinen, P. (2005) · Sosiaalilääketieteellinen Aikakauslehti · doi:10.23990/sa.151974
Processes underlying dysfunctional interpersonal behavior and the prediction of drinking outcomes
Reel, D. H. (2011) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t32j69xb
“…Hall, & Wasserman, 1991; Longabaugh, Wirtz, Beattie, Noel, & Stout, 1995), and encouragement for abstinence from network members important to the recovering individual has been found to be significantly related to the number of days on which heavy drinking occurs (Beattie & Longabaugh, 1997).”
BackgroundInfluence of social factors on mothers in treatment for substance use disorders
Hilton, N. (2009) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3p84c21
Reel, D. H., & Brunswick, G. S.-N. (2008) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3513zg0
- Authors
- BEATTIE, M. C., & LONGABAUGH, R.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1507-1521
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2028388452
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa005827-04, 7r01aa010450-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA05598, R01AA 05827, R01 AA10450)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- alcoholism, alcohol treatment outcomes, interpersonal relationships, interpersonal factors, subjective well-being, social network structure, social relationship quality, social support, family support, friend support, coworker support, relapse, social learning theory, outpatient care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Ambulatory Care, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Support, United States, Treatment Outcome
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