The DOI matches its Crossref record; 113 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Contingency management for treatment of substance use disorders: a meta‐analysis
Abstract
Aims To examine the effectiveness of contingency management (CM) techniques in treating substance use disorders (i.e. illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco). Design Meta‐analysis was used to determine the average effect size and potential moderators in 47 comparisons of the effectiveness of CM from studies based on a treatment–control group design and published between 1970 and 2002. Findings The mean effect size (ES) of CM was positive, with a magnitude of d = 0.42 using a fixed effects model. The magnitude of the ES declined over time, following treatment. CM was more effective in treating opiate use (d = 0.65) and cocaine use (d = 0.66), compared with tobacco (d = 0.31) or multiple drugs (d = 0.42). Larger effect sizes were associated with higher researcher involvement, earlier studies and shorter treatment duration. Conclusions Study findings suggest that CM is among the more effective approaches to promoting abstinence during the treatment of substance use disorders. CM improves the ability of clients to remain abstinent, thereby allowing them to take fuller advantage of other clinical treatment components.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“We know that training effects tend to decay over time, with effect sizes generally being the largest at posttest and decreasing at follow-up”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Prendergast, Podus, Finney, Greenwell, & Roll, 2006
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,840
A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905 · Cited by 2,955
DOES CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT WORK? A CLINICALLY RELEVANT AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY INFORMED META‐ANALYSIS *
ANDREWS, D. A., ZINGER, I., HOGE, R. D., BONTA, J., GENDREAU, P., & CULLEN, F. T. (1990) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1990.tb01330.x · Cited by 2,084
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Light, R. J., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1994) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2291021 · Cited by 1,880
Moyer, A., Finney, J. W., Swearingen, C. E., & Vergun, P. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00018.x · Cited by 1,092 · cited 1×
“Nevertheless, a decline in the positive effects of CM after reinforcement has been discontinued is to be expected for CM specifically [66], and for other types of treatments [67].”
Self-citationA meta-analysis of voucher-based reinforcement therapy for substance use disorders
Lussier, J. P., Heil, S. H., Mongeon, J. A., Badger, G. J., & Higgins, S. T. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01311.x · Cited by 858
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- RollJ. M. PetryN. M. StitzerM. BrechtM. L. PeirceJ. M. McCannM.et al.Contingency management for the treatment of methamphetamine abuse.Am J Psychiatryin press.
- 10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.398 · DOI
- Anker A. L., 1982, Problems of drug dependence: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Scientific Meeting, the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence., 452
- Crowley T. J., 1984, Behavioral Intervention Techniques in Drug Abuse Treatment., 68
- Tobler N. S., 1997, Meta‐analysis of drug abuse prevention programs, 5
- Johnson B. T., 1989, DSTAT 1.10: Software for the Meta‐Analytic Review of Research Literature
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 881
Unpredictable Drug Access and its Relevance for Substance Use Disorders: A Critical Review
Doyle, W. S., Freeman, K. B., & Huskinson, S. L. (2025) · Perspectives on Behavior Science · doi:10.1007/s40614-025-00449-1 · Cited by 1
Self-deprivation and cognition in Ramadan: could fasting practice improve inhibitory control?
Rad, M. S. (2025) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2025.2487277 · Cited by 1
Boersma, G. J., van Enthoven, M., Smid, Y., Nordkamp, R., Huisman, W., & Lancel, M. (2025) · Journal of Forensic Practice · doi:10.1108/jfp-11-2024-0069 · Cited by 1
Implementation of contingency management with women engaging in polysubstance use
Ward, K., Carrico, A. W., Vader, D. T., Moore, R. H., Amico, K. R., Groves, A. K., Bellamy, S. L., Sherman, S. G., Krakower, D., Mazzella, S., et al. (2025) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-025-00590-x · Cited by 1
Appa, A. A., Steiner, G., Baral, S., Riley, E. D., Suchman, L., Roberts, K., Knight, K. R., Murphy, M., Chamie, G., SHOPTAW, S. J., et al. (2026) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciag006 · Cited by 1
Mattanah, N., Ringwala, A., Surapaneni, A., Miller, K., Sawyer, A. L., & Narayanan, S. (2026) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/20499361261420916 · Cited by 1
Toma, M., Burnett, R., Debroy, P., Dimant, E., Liu, J. Y., Safran, E., Saya, U. Y., & Schultz, B. (2026) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.70085 · Cited by 2
Pathways to rearrest among court mandated female substance use treatment patients.
Kopak, A. M., Proctor, S. L., & Hoffmann, N. (2015) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12258 · Cited by 2
Community Reinforcement Approach and Contingency Management Therapies
Petry, N. M., & Barry, D. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0338-9_37 · Cited by 1
Adams, C. E., Rash, C. J., Burke, R. S., & Parker, J. D. (2012) · Case Reports in Psychiatry · doi:10.1155/2012/731638 · Cited by 1
Violence and aggression at a substance misuse treatment clinic in Ireland
Iro, C., Nkire, N., & O'Connor, J. J. (2011) · The Psychiatrist · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.031468 · Cited by 1
Belonen misschien niet effectief volgens de Zelf-Determinatie Theorie, maar het kan wel werken
Vanderplasschen, W., Broekaert, E., Goossens, K., Thienpondt, J., & Vandevelde, D. (2009) · Psychopraktijk · doi:10.1007/bf03337930 · Cited by 1
Drug and alcohol addiction: do psychosocial treatments work?
Luty, J. S. (2015) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.114.013177 · Cited by 1
The relevance of the psychological evaluation in drug dependence.
Popescu, I., Negrei, C., Bălălău, D., Ciobanu, A., & Baconi, D. L. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
The variety of national drug policies
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.014 · Cited by 1
González, M. M. S., Ávila, Y. A. G., & Corredor, F. P. (2015) · Grafías disciplinares de la UCPR · doi:10.31908/grafias.v0i28.1312 · Cited by 1
Massey, B. W. (2017) · Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal · doi:10.15406/ppij.2017.05.00131 · Cited by 1
Addiction: Theories, Conceptualisations and Current Practice
Foy, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72335-8_4 · Cited by 1
Badanie procesu terapii uzależnień: rola niespecyficznych czynników terapii
Wild, T. C., & Wolfe, J. (2013) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323513759.pp.41-64 · Cited by 1
Psychosocial Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Gaznick, N. V., & Judd, P. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33404-8_5 · Cited by 1
Alessi, S. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398338-1.00005-1 · Cited by 1
Robeck, I. R., & Mudra, S. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-72216-2.00009-0 · Cited by 1
Goudriaan, A. E., & Sher, K. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0_9 · Cited by 1
Manejo de Contingência Aplicado ao Transtorno por Uso de Álcool: Revisão Sistemática
Silva, K., Sampaio, A. A. S., & Miguel, A. C. (2022) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/0102.3772e38215.pt · Cited by 1
Calder, R., Neale, J., Simonavičius, E., & Dyer, K. D. (2023) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2023.2186204 · Cited by 1
Resting state connectivity in people living with HIV before and after stopping heavy drinking
Gullett, J. M., DeFelice, J. S., Richards, V. L., Porges, E. C., Cohen, R. A., Govind, V., Salan, T., Wang, Y., Zhou, Z., & Cook, R. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102368 · Cited by 2
Zolkwer, M. B., Dymond, S., & Singer, B. F. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11192682 · Cited by 1
Treatments for Substance Use Disorders
da Costa, S. C., Moustafa, Y., Vasquez, A., & Rummans, T. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95702-1.00047-6 · Cited by 1
Ware, O. D., Novak, M. D., & Toegel, F. (2024) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426241238957 · Cited by 1
Stone, B. M., & Sherman, B. J. (2024) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-024-00578-8 · Cited by 1
Quednow, B. B., & Herdener, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21074-7.00011-3 · Cited by 3
Brobbin, E., Drummond, C., Parkin, S., & Deluca, P. (2024) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/64664 · Cited by 2
Metrebian, N., Getty, C., Carr, E., Weaver, T. D., Pilling, S., Kelleher, M., Scott, J., & Strang, J. (2025) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-025-01614-8 · Cited by 1
Junkins, A., Jensen, M. A., Burgess, E. E., Stevens, A. K., Hayes, L., Sieweke, S., Stough, K., Wright, A., McCarty, R., Eddleman, L., et al. (2013) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/1940-0640-8-17 · Cited by 1
Koppel, S. (2016) · Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences · doi:10.4172/2169-0170.1000175 · Cited by 1
Assessing the Utility of a Brief Abstinence Test for Initiating Caffeine Abstinence
Irons, J. G., Joachim, B. T., Stanley, T. B., Rininger, A. M., & Jarvis, B. P. (2019) · Journal of Caffeine and Adenosine Research · doi:10.1089/caff.2018.0013 · Cited by 2
A Socio-Behavioral Model for the Treatment of Addiction
Whorley, L. W. (2019) · Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science · doi:10.15640/jpbs.v7n1a11 · Cited by 1
Contingency Management as a Behavioral Approach in Addiction Treatment
Roll, J. M., McPherson, S., & McDonell, M. G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_29 · Cited by 1
Self-citationClinical Aspects of HIV‐Related Neurocognitive Disorders
Davies, N. W. S., & Brew, B. J. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118339503.ch3 · Cited by 1
Commentary on Alessi & Petry (2013): Cellular phone technology and contingency management
Kong, G. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12133 · Cited by 1
Neugebauer, N. M. (2008) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 1
A Phenomenological Study of Methadone Treatment by Opiate-Dependent Individuals Ages 50--55 Years
Hightower, L. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 1
Contingency Management Treatments
Byrne, S. A., & Petry, N. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt11 · Cited by 1
Promoting and Maintaining Engagement in Substance Abuse Treatment
Kunøe, N. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119129530.ch22 · Cited by 1
McCrady, B. S., & Glynn, L. H. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0014 · Cited by 1
Kock, L. S., Higgins, S. T., & Heil, S. H. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16580 · Cited by 1
Davidson, R. M., Traxler, H. K., DeFulio, A., Redish, A. D., Royle, J. A., & Gass, H. P. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ejkfz · Cited by 1
Jolley, S., Carr, E., Nilsen, S., Shearer, J., Weaver, T. D., Duffy, J., & Metrebian, N. (2026) · Substance Use & Addiction Journal · doi:10.1177/29767342251406002 · Cited by 1
Strategic contingency management to enhance treatment outcomes for problem gamblers
West, B. L. (2008) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge) · Cited by 1
Parole: “What Works” Is Still Under Construction
Taxman, F. S. (2011) · Issues in children's and families' lives · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9470-7_12
Prize-based contingency management: A vehicle miles of travel reduction intervention
Marquit, J. D., Roberts, R. N., & Fargo, J. D. (2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e741382011-324
Selected Neuropharmacology of Resurgence
Pyszczynski, A. D. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/d622-298f
Token reinforcement and resistance to change
Thrailkill, E. A. (2021) · Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) · doi:10.26076/e574-c5be
Horton, D. B. (2012) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Epidemiology and Management of Alcohol Misuse Comorbid with other Disorders
Keyes, K. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118785089.ch18
Fenton, L., & Feinstein, R. E. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139016919.038
Soms kun je patiënten het beste geld bieden voor het accepteren van behandeling
Staring, T. (2010) · Psychopraktijk · doi:10.1007/s13170-010-0090-1
Die Psychotherapie Drogenabhängiger in Substitutionsbehandlung
Specka, M., & Scherbaum, N. (2011) · SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice · doi:10.1024/0939-5911.a000136
Hendrickson, M. E. (2013) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
Petry, N. M. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12307
Ghani, M. S. A., Abdullah, H. S. L., & Amat, M. I. (2019) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.714
Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Psychosis
Staring, A. B. P. (2010) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Illicit Substance‐Related Disorders
Vedel, E., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp002009
Therapie der Alkoholabhängigkeit
Soyka, M. (2015) · CME · doi:10.1007/s11298-015-1210-3
Contingency Management and Alcohol Abuse
Walker, A. D. (2015) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University)
Evaluación del tratamiento ambulatorio para la adicción a la cocaína.
Cano, R., & Rubén, A. (2013) · Repositorio de Patentes de la Universidad de Almería (Universidad de Almería)
Criminalization and decriminalization of drug use or possession
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.011
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.002
The international dimensions of drug use
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.003
Health and social services for drug users: systems issues
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.015
Illegal markets: the economics of drug distribution and social harm
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.005 · Cited by 1
Prescription regimes and other measures to control misuse of psychopharmaceuticals
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.012
Reducing the Time and Effort Required by Meta-Analysis through the Use of Random Sampling
DuVernet, A. M. (2008) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Gavrilova, Y. (2020) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · doi:10.34917/9112066
Mamey, M. R. (2015) · Research Exchange (Washington State University)
Jarvis, B. P. (2010) · JMU Scholoraly Commons (James Madison University)
Salas‐Wright, C. P., Vaughn, M. G., & González, J. M. R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55817-6_8
Essays in Behavioral Health Economics
Montoy, J. C. C. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Nuijten, M. (2017) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
Hassell, I. (2016) · Biography | US Enciclopedia of law
Psychosocial Treatment Approaches for Substance Use
McFarr, L. M., Snyder, J. A., Benson, L. A., & Higier, R. G. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0013
Ghani, M. S. A., Amat, M. I., Rahimi, M. K. A., Abdullah, H. S. L., & Mahyuddin, M. K. (2018) · International Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.30845/ijhss.v8n8p7
Guerrero, E. G., Garner, B. R., Cook, B. L., Kong, Y., & Vega, W. A. (2018) · Substance Abuse Research and Treatment · doi:10.1177/1178221818811314
Accounting for rural versus urban differences in the opioid epidemic in Pennsylvania
Warwick, J. S. (2018) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Diabetes and Addictive Disorders
Balhara, Y. P. S., Bajaj, S., TIWASKAR, M. H., Joshi, A. S., & Deshmukh, V. C. (2019) · Journal of Social Health and Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0039-3401980
Judicious Use of Neuropsychiatric Evidence When Sentencing Offenders With Addictive Behaviors
Dawson, A., Chandler, J. A., Gavaghan, C., Hall, W., & Carter, A. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190651145.003.0010
Outpatient Interventions in Clinical Behavior Analysis
Darrow, S. M., Waltz, T. J., Drossel, C., & Abadie, B. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57969-2_10
Evidence-Based Psychotherapy for Substance Use Disorder
Leonardi, J. L., Josua, D., & Gomes, C. T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62855-0_13
Behavioral Pharmacology: Contributions to Understanding Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Silva, D. F., & Bravin, A. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62855-0_15
When the Parts Are Greater Than Their Sum: Partitioned Incentives Increase Cancer ScreeningPreprint
Nisa, C. F. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3254985
Carnegie, T. (2021) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Dong, H. (2021) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0401889
Treatment Efficacy for Antenatal Substance Use: A Meta-Analysis
Koller, J. P. (2013)
Drug policy and control at the international level
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.013
Ryan, F. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118316474.refs
The legal market: prescription and diversion of psychopharmaceuticals
Babor, T. F., Caulkins, J. P., Edwards, G., Fischer, B., Foxcroft, D., Humphreys, K. N., Obot, I. S., Rehm, J. T., Reuter, P., Room, R., et al. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557127.003.006
Contingency Management as Behavioural Approach in Addiction Treatment
Roll, J. M., & Fruci, B. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_40
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Prendergast, M., Podus, D., Finney, J., Greenwell, L., & Roll, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- Corresponding author
- Prendergast, Michael
- ORCID
- Roll, John
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-10-10
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1546-1560
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2095695118
- Cited by
- 877
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Quality Enhancement Research Initiative
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017407, R01DA017084)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- contingency management, substance use disorders, abstinence, opiate use, cocaine use, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, treatment effectiveness, moderators of effect size
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review