The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Difficult Airway Society guidelines for management of the unanticipated difficult intubation
Abstract
Summary: Problems with tracheal intubation are infrequent but are the most common cause of anaesthetic death or brain damage. The clinical situation is not always managed well. The Difficult Airway Society (DAS) has developed guidelines for management of the unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in the non‐obstetric adult patient without upper airway obstruction. These guidelines have been developed by consensus and are based on evidence and experience. We have produced flow‐charts for three scenarios: routine induction; rapid sequence induction; and failed intubation, increasing hypoxaemia and difficult ventilation in the paralysed, anaesthetised patient. The flow‐charts are simple, clear and definitive. They can be fully implemented only when the necessary equipment and training are available. The guidelines received overwhelming support from the membership of the DAS. Disclaimer: It is not intended that these guidelines should constitute a minimum standard of practice, nor are they to be regarded as a substitute for good clinical judgement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015
Bossaert, L. L., Perkins, G. D., Askitopoulou, H., Raffay, V. I., Greif, R., Haywood, K. L., Mentzelopoulos, S. D., Nolan, J. P., Van de Voorde, P., Xanthos, T. T., et al. (2015) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.033 · Cited by 625
Research works printed but not linked: 312
- 10.1093/bja/59.7.877 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09859.x · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-199912000-00023 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00000542-198911000-00023 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00000542-199303000-00028 · DOI · Paper page
- American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway., 2003, Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. An updated report, Anesthesiology, 95, 1269
- 10.1016/0750-7658(96)85047-7 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF03012147 · DOI · Paper page
- SIAARTI Task Force on Difficult Airway Management., 1998, L'intubazione difficile e la difficoltà di controllo delle vie aeree nell'adulto (SIAARTI), Minerva Anestesiologica, 64, 361
- 10.1136/bmj.316.7148.1844 · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7148.1844
- Sanders AB., 1995, The development of AHA (American Heart Association) guidelines for emergency cardiac care, Respiratory Care, 40, 338
- Field MJ., 1993, Overview: prospects and options for local and national guidelines in the courts, Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement, 19, 313
- 10.1136/qshc.6.4.187 · doi:10.1136/qshc.6.4.187
- Deutsch EV., 1951, A stilet for endotracheal intubation, Anesthesiology, 15, 667
- 10.1213/00000539-197403000-00043 · doi:10.1213/00000539-197403000-00043
- Williamson R., 1990, An alternative to bougies for difficult intubation, British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 43, 184
- 10.1007/BF03007497 · doi:10.1007/bf03007497
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.96794b.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.96794b.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04125.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04125.x
- Henderson JJ., 2003, Der Schwerige Atemweg
- 10.1007/BF03005419 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/68.1.90 · doi:10.1093/bja/68.1.90
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01270.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb08932.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03288.x · DOI
- 10.1007/BF03009856 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/61.2.211 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00198-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.181-az0315.x · DOI
- 10.1097/00000539-200101000-00053 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.87-az0089.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.87-az0089.x
- 10.1007/BF03037041 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF03009783 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF03012617 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12606.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12606.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07659.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07659.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.196-az0329.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.196-az0329.x
- 10.1007/BF03015455 · doi:10.1007/bf03015455
- 10.1177/0310057X0002800509 · doi:10.1177/0310057x0002800509
- Henderson JJ., 2000, Questions about the Macintosh laryngoscope and technique of laryngoscopy, European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 17, 2, 10.1097/00003643-200001000-00002 · doi:10.1097/00003643-200001000-00002
- Henderson JJ, 2002, Remember the straight laryngoscope, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 88, 151
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.296828.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.296828.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.01962.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.01962.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14961.x · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12731.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12731.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb06625.x · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02411.x · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03154.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb03154.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14454.x · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/57.2.239-a · doi:10.1093/bja/57.2.239-a
- 10.1213/00000539-199412000-00045 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199412000-00045
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1998.00290.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1998.00290.x
- 10.1093/bja/82.1.135 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-199208000-00036 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199208000-00036
- 10.1213/00000539-199404000-00022 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01321.x · DOI
- 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045005624.x · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00014 · DOI
- Wilkes AR, 2002, Comparison of the peak forces that can be exerted by multiple‐use and single‐use bougies in vitro, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 89, 671
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.02871.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.02871.x
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03289.x · DOI
- Ovassapian A., 1996, Fiberoptic Endoscopy and the Difficult Airway, 201
- 10.1213/00000539-200102000-00044 · doi:10.1213/00000539-200102000-00044
- 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90096-6 · doi:10.1016/0952-8180(91)90096-6
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06916.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06916.x
- 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03893.x · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03893.x
- 10.1213/00000539-199407000-00025 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199407000-00025
- 10.1007/BF03010687 · doi:10.1007/bf03010687
- 10.1097/00000542-199504000-00007 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00012 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00055 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200009000-00055
- 10.1097/00000542-200009000-00052 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200009000-00052
- 10.1097/00000542-200301000-00039 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200301000-00039
- 10.1016/S0952-8180(01)00241-0 · doi:10.1016/s0952-8180(01)00241-0
- 10.1007/BF03016838 · doi:10.1007/bf03016838
- Steinert R, 1987, Mißlungene Intubation mit Kasuistiken, HNO, 35, 439
- 10.1097/00000542-199005000-00010 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF03015954 · DOI
- Gilbert SM., 1997, Wrongful Death
- Benumof JL., 1996, Airway Management. Principles and Practice, 143
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04402.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb04402.x
- 10.2106/00004623-199403000-00006 · doi:10.2106/00004623-199403000-00006
- 10.1007/BF03005409 · doi:10.1007/bf03005409
- 10.1093/bja/66.1.38 · doi:10.1093/bja/66.1.38
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00888.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00888.x
- 10.1097/00000542-199603000-00024 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199603000-00024
- 10.1093/bja/79.6.704 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/0310057X0203000503 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/79.6.710 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-199709001-00485 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199709001-00485
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00428.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00428.x
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00614.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/bja/81.4.610 · doi:10.1093/bja/81.4.610
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.01113.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.01113.x
- 10.1177/0310057X0002800305 · doi:10.1177/0310057x0002800305
- 10.1097/00000542-200008000-00010 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200008000-00010
- 10.1097/00000542-199709001-00482 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199709001-00482
- 10.1177/0310057X9802600408 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00460.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00460.x
- 10.1213/00000539-199911000-00047 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199911000-00047
- 10.1097/00000539-200105000-00050 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-200111000-00022 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00000542-200106000-00009 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF03016593 · doi:10.1007/bf03016593
- 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007818.x · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/82.3.478 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00491.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2346.1999.00491.x
- 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2001.450221-4.x · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2001.450221-4.x
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01324.x · DOI
- 10.1177/0310057X0102900306 · doi:10.1177/0310057x0102900306
- 10.1046/j.0003-2409.2001.02401.x · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00319.x · DOI
- Brain AIJ, 1998, The Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway Instruction Manual.
- 10.1097/00004311-199803620-00013 · doi:10.1097/00004311-199803620-00013
- 10.1093/bja/88.2.246 · doi:10.1093/bja/88.2.246
- 10.1097/00000542-199904000-00012 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199904000-00012
- 10.1007/BF03016840 · doi:10.1007/bf03016840
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09652.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09652.x
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03435.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb03435.x
- 10.1007/BF03013439 · doi:10.1007/bf03013439
- Silk JM, 1991, Difficult intubation and the Laryngeal Mask, European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 4, 47
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.31-az0058.x · DOI
- Asai T, 1997, Difficulties in Tracheal Intubation, 177
- Popat MT., 2001, Practical Fibreoptic Intubation
- 10.1097/00000542-199608000-00040 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199608000-00040
- 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00054 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199611000-00054
- 10.1097/00000539-199604000-00057 · doi:10.1097/00000539-199604000-00057
- 10.1097/00000539-199909000-00060 · doi:10.1097/00000539-199909000-00060
- 10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70123-8 · doi:10.1016/s0749-0704(05)70123-8
- 10.1097/00000539-199908000-00071 · doi:10.1097/00000539-199908000-00071
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15047.x · DOI
- Atherton DPL, 1997, Modification to the ventilation exchange bougie, Anaesthesia, 52, 611
- Benumof JLASA, 2000, Handbook of Difficult Airway Management, 31
- 10.1177/0310057X9302100406 · doi:10.1177/0310057x9302100406
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92485-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1007/BF03013169 · doi:10.1007/bf03013169
- Vanner R., 2001, Techniques of cricoid pressure, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, 2, 362
- 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90185-P · DOI
- 10.1213/00000539-199203000-00022 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199203000-00022
- 10.1213/00000539-199303000-00049 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199303000-00049
- 10.1213/00000539-199406000-00041 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199406000-00041
- 10.1016/0952-8180(94)00048-9 · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01207.x · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02133.x · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01205.x · DOI · Paper page
- Tunstall ME., 1976, Failed intubation drill, Anaesthesia, 31, 850
- 10.1093/bja/68.1.118 · doi:10.1093/bja/68.1.118
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11254.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11254.x
- 10.1213/00000539-199377020-00033 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199377020-00033
- 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14661.x · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14661.x
- 10.1213/00000539-199404000-00051 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199404000-00051
- 10.1093/bja/84.5.650 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1093/bja/85.2.262 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00019 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200007000-00019
- 10.1097/00000542-200202000-00011 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200202000-00011
- 10.1097/00000539-200209000-00045 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200209000-00045
- 10.1093/bja/88.6.824 · doi:10.1093/bja/88.6.824
- 10.1093/bja/88.4.527 · doi:10.1093/bja/88.4.527
- 10.1097/00000539-200010000-00046 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200010000-00046
- 10.1177/0310057X0102900313 · doi:10.1177/0310057x0102900313
- 10.1007/BF03017332 · doi:10.1007/bf03017332
- 10.1093/bja/88.4.584 · doi:10.1093/bja/88.4.584
- 10.1097/00000539-200106000-00053 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200106000-00053
- 10.1097/00000539-200204000-00050 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200204000-00050
- 10.1093/bja/88.2.296 · doi:10.1093/bja/88.2.296
- 10.1097/00000539-200212000-00059 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200212000-00059
- 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00064 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200205000-00064
- 10.1097/00000539-200206000-00060 · doi:10.1097/00000539-200206000-00060
- 10.1007/BF03017420 · doi:10.1007/bf03017420
- 10.1007/BF03011778 · doi:10.1007/bf03011778
- 10.1016/0300-9572(96)00976-8 · DOI
- Crowhurst JA., 1991, Failed intubation management at caesarean section, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 19, 305
- 10.1097/00005373-200011000-00032 · doi:10.1097/00005373-200011000-00032
- 10.1093/bja/69.5.465 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/71.6.800 · doi:10.1093/bja/71.6.800
- 10.1093/bja/72.1.47 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/74.5.521 · DOI
- 10.1007/BF03011906 · DOI
- 10.1213/00000539-199403000-00039 · doi:10.1213/00000539-199403000-00039
- 10.1093/bja/73.6.862-b · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/76.6.772 · DOI
- 10.1097/00000542-199112000-00021 · doi:10.1097/00000542-199112000-00021
- 10.1097/00005373-197201000-00006 · DOI
- Jacobs HB., 1972, Needle catheter brings oxygen to the trachea, Journal of the American Medical Association, 222, 1231
- 10.1016/S0361-1124(76)80306-1 · DOI
- 10.1177/000348948709600108 · DOI
- 10.1053/hn.1999.v120.a90043 · doi:10.1053/hn.1999.v120.a90043
- 10.1097/00000542-200101000-00016 · doi:10.1097/00000542-200101000-00016
- 10.1007/BF03009619 · doi:10.1007/bf03009619
- 10.1097/00000539-200004000-00034 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0300-9572(99)00162-8 · DOI
- 10.1016/S0196-0644(00)70139-9 · DOI
- 10.1016/0300-9572(93)90148-J · doi:10.1016/0300-9572(93)90148-j
- 10.1093/bja/56.6.659 · doi:10.1093/bja/56.6.659
- 10.1007/BF00178920 · doi:10.1007/bf00178920
- 10.1093/bja/68.5.534 · doi:10.1093/bja/68.5.534
- 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)82666-6 · DOI
- 10.1093/bja/86.6.886 · doi:10.1093/bja/86.6.886
- 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450120.x · doi:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450120.x
- 10.1046/j.1365-2346.1997.00121.x · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2346.1997.00121.x
200 of 312 shown
Cited by
Frerk, C., Mitchell, V. S., McNarry, A. F., Mendonca, C., Bhagrath, R., Patel, A., O’Sullivan, E. P., Woodall, N. M., & Ahmad, I. (2015) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aev371 · Cited by 2,214
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005
Soar, J., Deakin, C. D., Nolan, J. P., Abbas, G., Alfonzo, A., Handley, A. J., Lockey, D., Perkins, G. D., & Thies, K. (2005) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.10.004 · Cited by 832
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015
Truhlář, A., Deakin, C. D., Soar, J., Khalifa, G. E. A., Alfonzo, A., Bierens, J. J. L. M., Brattebø, G., Brugger, H., Dunning, J., Hunyadi-Antičević, S., et al. (2015) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.017 · Cited by 819
Mushambi, M. C., Kinsella, S. M., Popat, M., Swales, H., Ramaswamy, K. K., Winton, A. L., & Quinn, A. C. (2015) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.13260 · Cited by 608
Self-citationfor the Canadian Airway Focus Group, Law, J. A., Broemling, N., Cooper, R. M., Drolet, P., Duggan, L. V., Griesdale, D. E., Hung, O. R., Jones, P. M., Kovacs, G., et al. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-013-0019-3 · Cited by 358
Metadata
- Authors
- Henderson, J. J., Popat, M. T., Latto, I. P., & Pearce, A. C.
- Venue
- Anaesthesia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-06-15
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 675-694
- ISSN
- 0003-2409 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2044
- OpenAlex
- W2108214974
- Cited by
- 1,025
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 45.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Difficult Airway Society guidelines for management of the unanticipated difficult intubation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03831.x
- The paper
- Henderson, J. J., Popat, M. T., Latto, I. P., & Pearce, A. C. (2004). Difficult Airway Society guidelines for management of the unanticipated difficult intubation. Anaesthesia. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03831.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.