Cited by 474Pharmaceutical Economics and PolicyPharmaceutical industry and healthcareHistorical Medical Research and Treatments

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Pharmaceutical innovation by the seven UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies (1964‐1985).

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Prentis, RA, Lis, Y, Walker, SR·1988·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03318.xPMC PMC1386364

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Abstract

1 A total of three hundred and nineteen new chemical entities (NCEs) were investigated in man for the first time between 1964 and 1985 by seven UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies. The majority (96.2%), were self‐originated by the UK company or one of its overseas subsidiaries. 2 There was an increase in the number of NCEs investigated each year in man, doubling from an average of 12 per year up to 1980, to over 20 per year between 1981 and 1985. The majority of first drug evaluations in human volunteers were carried out in the UK (92.2%), in contrast to evaluation of new medicines in patients, where 42.9% were first tested outside the UK. 3 The majority of NCEs evaluated in man (78%), were in four therapeutic classes: anti‐infectives (32%), anti‐allergics (22%), drugs acting on the central nervous system (13%) and cardiovascular system agents (11%). 4 By the end of 1985, 49 (15.4%) of these NCEs had been marketed in the UK and 198 (62.0%) discontinued from further development. The main reasons for termination were inappropriate pharmacokinetics in man (39.4%), and lack of clinical efficacy (29.3%). 5 Average development times increased from less than 2 years between 1964 and 1965, to around 8 years in the 1980s with a consequent reduction in the effective patent life.

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New drug development in the United States, 1963 through 1984
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Authors: Prentis, R., Lis, Y., & Walker, Sr.
Venue: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1988-03
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Pages: 387-396
ISSN: 0306-5251 (ISSN-L)
1365-2125
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03318.x
PMC: PMC1386364
OpenAlex: W2117753715
Cited by: 471
References: 12
Citations by year: 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 8.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 8913 d)
Locations: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Keywords: pharmaceutical innovation, new chemical entities, drug development, drug development time, patent life, drug discontinuation, anti-infective agents, antiallergic drugs, central nervous system drugs, cardiovascular drugs
MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Industry, United Kingdom, Humans, Research

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Pharmaceutical innovation by the seven UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies (1964‐1985).

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