Building resilience and resistance against racism and discrimination among Salvadorian female youth in Canada

Bilingualism may contribute to social and economic capital.

“Bilingualism may contribute to social and economic capital; maintaining culture can promote family closeness and well-being and help resist oppression [5, 7, 24, 27].”

Maintaining culture can promote family closeness and well-being and help resist oppression.

“Bilingualism may contribute to social and economic capital; maintaining culture can promote family closeness and well-being and help resist oppression [5, 7, 24, 27].”

Continued engagement civically and politically may function as a coping strategy to deal with cultural and social losses associated with migration.

“Continued engagement civically and politically may also function as a coping strategy to deal with cultural and social losses associated with migration [7, 30].”

Preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may have health benefits for migrant families.

“preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may provide an alternate source of belonging, contribute to social and economic capital and have health benefits for migrant families [5, 7, 24, 27, 94]”

Preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may provide an alternate source of belonging for migrant families.

“preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may provide an alternate source of belonging, contribute to social and economic capital and have health benefits for migrant families [5, 7, 24, 27, 94]”

Preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may contribute to social and economic capital for migrant families.

“preserving cultural, religious and linguistic ties may provide an alternate source of belonging, contribute to social and economic capital and have health benefits for migrant families [5, 7, 24, 27, 94]”

Thirteen papers (9%) overlapped in their data sources and reported duplicate findings.

“Thirteen papers (9%) overlapped in their data sources and reported duplicate findings [38–50].”

Discrimination and exclusion, especially due to migration status, were frequently described as issues.

“Discrimination and exclusion, especially due to their migration status, were frequently described as issues”

Transmitting language, culture, values and religion was a way for families to maintain closeness and resist internalizing negative perceptions about their culture and status and downward mobility.

“It was a way for families to maintain closeness and resist internalizing negative perceptions about their culture and status and downward mobility”

Transmitting language, culture, values and religion was also perceived as a source of pride, strength and coping.

“but also perceived as a source of pride, strength and coping”

In many studies, families described their parenthood experience as having a continuing and pervasive transnational dimension, i.e., links with their home country.

“In many studies families described their parenthood experience as having a continuing and pervasive transnational dimension (i.e., links with their home country)”

A few studies reported that parents also continued to maintain active involvement in their countries of origin, which enhanced resources available to the migrant family.

“A few studies reported that parents also continued to maintain active involvement (e.g., work, return to use health services) in their countries of origin which enhanced resources available to the migrant family”

Maintenance of connections was described in some studies as serving as a source of resilience by preserving identity and positive sense of self, which were essential in coping with loss and resisting oppression.

“Lastly, maintenance of connections was described in some studies as serving as a source of resilience by preserving their identity and positive sense of self, which were essential in coping with loss and resisting oppression”