Body composition, bone mineral density and fractures in late postmenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome—a long-term follow-up study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hyperandrogenism is one of the characteristic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Androgens are important for bone mass. Studies on bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures in postmenopausal women with PCOS are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postmenopausal women with PCOS differ from controls regarding body composition, BMD and prevalence of fractures, and to compare women with PCOS with controls regarding correlations between total BMD and sex hormones. DESIGN: A prospective 21-year follow-up study. Anthropometry, hormonal measurements and questionnaires were performed in 1987 and in 2008. Fractures were X-ray-verified. BMD measurements were taken in 1992, using single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), and in 2008, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to also enable measurements of body composition. PATIENTS: Twenty-five women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), aged 61-78 years, and 68 randomly allocated age-matched controls. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition, BMD, fractures and sex steroids. RESULTS: At follow-up, the postmenopausal women with PCOS maintained a higher free androgen index (FAI), but had similar body fat, lean mass and BMD compared with controls. The hip circumference increased only in women with PCOS (P < 0·01), during follow-up. The fracture incidence was similar to that of controls (56% vs 41%, ns). In the controls, total BMD was positively correlated with oestradiol (R = 0·322, P < 0·01) and FAI (R = 0·307, P < 0·05) and negatively correlated with SHBG (R = -0·429, P < 0·001), but not in the women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal women with PCOS with persistently higher FAI had similar muscle mass, BMD and fracture incidence as controls during this long-term follow-up.
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No difference was seen regarding sedentary lifestyle between women with PCOS and controls at follow-up, which supports previous findings from a younger cohort (mean age 34) and an older cohort (mean age 71).
“No difference was seen regarding sedentary lifestyle, which supports previous findings from a younger cohort of women with PCOS with a mean age of 34 years (Moran et al., 2017), and also that of an older cohort with a mean age of 71 years (Schmidt et al., 2012).”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during a 24-year period: importance of obesity and abdominal fat distribution (2020) · cites this paper as Schmidt et al., 2012
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- Authors
- Schmidt, J., Dahlgren, E., Brännström, M., & Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Johanna
- Venue
- Clinical Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 207-214
- ISSN
- 0300-0664 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2265
- OpenAlex
- W2090336369
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, postmenopausal women, bone mineral density, fracture, body composition, hyperandrogenism, free androgen index, sex hormones, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, hip circumference, lean body mass, bone mass
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Bone Density, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Postmenopause, Fractures, Bone
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