Androgens and Bone

Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vandenput, Liesbeth; Boonen, Steven; Lindberg, Marie K.; Bouillon, Roger; Ohlsson, Claes

doi:10.1210/er.2003-0003

Cited by 717Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchEstrogen and related hormone effects

Androgens and Bone

Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vandenput, Liesbeth, Boonen, Steven, Lindberg, Marie K., Bouillon, Roger, Ohlsson, Claes·2004·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/er.2003-0003

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Abstract

Loss of estrogens or androgens increases the rate of bone remodeling by removing restraining effects on osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and also causes a focal imbalance between resorption and formation by prolonging the lifespan of osteoclasts and shortening the lifespan of osteoblasts. Conversely, androgens, as well as estrogens, maintain cancellous bone mass and integrity, regardless of age or sex. Although androgens, via the androgen receptor (AR), and estrogens, via the estrogen receptors (ERs), can exert these effects, their relative contribution remains uncertain. Recent studies suggest that androgen action on cancellous bone depends on (local) aromatization of androgens into estrogens. However, at least in rodents, androgen action on cancellous bone can be directly mediated via AR activation, even in the absence of ERs. Androgens also increase cortical bone size via stimulation of both longitudinal and radial growth. First, androgens, like estrogens, have a biphasic effect on endochondral bone formation: at the start of puberty, sex steroids stimulate endochondral bone formation, whereas they induce epiphyseal closure at the end of puberty. Androgen action on the growth plate is, however, clearly mediated via aromatization in estrogens and interaction with ERα. Androgens increase radial growth, whereas estrogens decrease periosteal bone formation. This effect of androgens may be important because bone strength in males seems to be determined by relatively higher periosteal bone formation and, therefore, greater bone dimensions, relative to muscle mass at older age. Experiments in mice again suggest that both the AR and ERα pathways are involved in androgen action on radial bone growth. ERβ may mediate growth-limiting effects of estrogens in the female but does not seem to be involved in the regulation of bone size in males. In conclusion, androgens may protect men against osteoporosis via maintenance of cancellous bone mass and expansion of cortical bone. Such androgen action on bone is mediated by the AR and ERα.

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From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [150]

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ANDROGENS DIRECTLY STIMULATE PROLIFERATION OF BONE CELLS IN VITRO
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The Aged Rat Model of Ovarian Hormone Deficiency Bone Loss*
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RE: OSTEOPOROSIS AFTER ORCHIECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER
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Osteoporosis After Orchiectomy for Prostate Cancer
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Histologic evidence for osteopenia and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats
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Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Lean Body Mass and Fat Content as Measured by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Patients With Prostate Cancer Without Apparent Bone Metastases Given Androgen Deprivation Therapy
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Characterization of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Estrogen Receptor (ER) Null Mice Reveals Hypergonadism and Endocrine Sex Reversal in Females Lacking ERα But Not ERβ
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Estrogen and the Male Skeleton
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BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN MEN TREATED WITH SYNTHETIC GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONISTS FOR PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
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Differential Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β mRNA During Differentiation of Human Osteoblast SV-HFO Cells
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Estrogen Receptors α and β Are Differentially Expressed in Developing Human Bone1
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Expression of Estrogen Receptor β in Rat Bone
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The Localization of Androgen Receptors in Human Bone
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Bone Loss following Hypogonadism in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with GnRH Analogs
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Aromatase in Human Bone Tissue
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Does Hypogonadism Contribute to the Occurrence of a Minimal Trauma Hip Fracture in Elderly Men?
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Selective Effects of Genistein, a Soybean Isoflavone, on B-Lymphopoiesis and Bone Loss Caused by Estrogen Deficiency*
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The Actions and Interactions of Sex Steroids and Growth Factors/Cytokines on the Skeleton
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Osteoporosis in Men with Hyperprolactinemic Hypogonadism
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Skeletal effects of estrogen
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A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial of Transdermal Dihydrotestosterone Gel on Muscular Strength, Mobility, and Quality of Life in Older Men with Partial Androgen Deficiency
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Differential effects of androgens on cortical bone histomorphometry in gonadectomized male and female rats.
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Altered expression of fatty acid–metabolizing enzymes in aromatase-deficient mice
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Rapid Activation of MAP Kinase by Estrogen in the Bone Cell Line
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Sexual Dimorphism in Vertebral Fragility Is More the Result of Gender Differences in Age-Related Bone Gain Than Bone Loss
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Human giant cell tumors of the bone (osteoclastomas) are estrogen target cells.
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Evaluation of the Pathogenesis of Skeletal Changes in Ovariectomized Rats*
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Authors: Vanderschueren, D., Vandenput, L., Boonen, S., Lindberg, M. K., Bouillon, R., & Ohlsson, C.
Affiliations: Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (D.V., L.V., S.B., R.B.)
KU Leuven (BE)
Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author: Ohlsson, Claes
ORCID: Vanderschueren, Dirk
Vandenput, Liesbeth
Bouillon, Roger
Ohlsson, Claes
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2004-06-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Pages: 389-425
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/er.2003-0003
OpenAlex: W2171434323
Cited by: 717
References: 448
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 3.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords: androgens, bone remodeling, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, aromatization, trabecular bone, endochondral ossification, epiphyseal closure, growth plate, periosteal bone formation, osteoporosis prevention, sex steroids, osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis
MeSH terms: Androgens, Animals, Bone and Bones, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Osteoporosis, Receptors, Androgen, Receptors, Estrogen, Sex Factors, Bone Density, Bone Remodeling, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Estrogen Receptor beta

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Androgens and Bone

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