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Cited by 686Wildlife Ecology and ConservationAnimal Ecology and Behavior StudiesPhysiological and biochemical adaptations

Nutrition integrates environmental responses of ungulates.

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Parker, Katherine L., Barboza, Perry S., Gillingham, Michael P.·2009·Functional Ecology
DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01528.x
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Abstract

1 Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over-winter survival, timing of parturition, and neonatal birth mass and survival. We provide an overview among ungulates of the extent of these influences resulting from interactions among bioenergetics, foraging, and nutritional demands. 2 Body condition of an animal is the integrator of nutritional intake and demands, affecting both survival and reproduction. The deposition and mobilization of body fat and body protein vary with physiological requirements and environmental conditions as species use dietary income and body stores to integrate the profits of summer and the demands of winter. Results from our simulation model and uncertainty analysis of the influence of body mass and changes in body composition of Rangifer over winter indicate that percent body fat rather than body mass in early winter is most important in determining whether animals die, live without reproducing, or live and reproduce. Animal responses are also sensitive to rates of change in body protein. Depending on timing of calving and maternal reserves, seasonal habitats vary in their nutritional value for the production of offspring. 3 For free-ranging animals, life is a balance among numerous ecological factors, including nutritional requirements, nutritional resources to meet those demands, and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Predation effects on population demography may mask nutritional limitations of habitat. We suggest that over the long term of life histories, ungulates use seasonal strategies that minimize the maximum detriment, and that the basis for most strategies is nutritional.

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  • For temperate species, winter cold and deep snow cause steady body mass decline.

    “For temperate species, the cold temperatures and deep snow of winter cause a steady decline in body mass (Parker et al. 2009)”

    From Animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a Yellowstone elk herd (2013) · cites this paper as Parker et al. 2009

    The Body Mass section says northern ungulates commonly lose body mass over winter, while the Energy Costs and Intake section describes increased movement costs in snow and cumulative energetic costs of cold. The paper does not establish that cold and deep snow cause a steady decline in body mass across temperate species specifically. The indexed passages do not provide page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Feeding on emergent vegetation at the onset of growing season is adaptive because it promotes fat gain and reproduction.

    “Following these periods of poor nutrition, feeding upon emergent vegetation at the onset of the growing season is adaptive because such highly digestible forage promotes fat gain and reproduction (Cook et al. 2004a, Parker et al. 2009).”

    From Animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a Yellowstone elk herd (2013) · cites this paper as Parker et al. 2009

    The ‘Minimizing the maximum detriment to free-ranging ungulates’ section describes emerging shoots as high-quality forage and says ungulates should select nutritious food in spring. The ‘Conclusion and perspectives’ and ‘Body fat’ sections link nutrient intake, fat reserves, and reproduction, but place replenishment of reserves chiefly in summer and autumn; they do not specifically establish that feeding on vegetation at the onset of spring promotes fat gain. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The reduced pregnancy of Yellowstone migrants is interpreted as caused primarily by drought-induced changes in habitat quality.

    “we interpret the reduced pregnancy of Yellowstone migrants as being caused primarily by droughtinduced changes in habitat quality.”

    From Animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a Yellowstone elk herd (2013) · cites this paper as Parker et al. 2009

    The Body Fat section (page unavailable) links poor nutrition and low body fat to reduced breeding in elk. The Conclusion and perspectives section says climatic changes can affect forage timing and maternal condition. Neither passage addresses reduced pregnancy in Yellowstone migrants or establishes drought-induced habitat change as its primary cause; the citing sentence presents that interpretation as the citing authors’ own. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In temperate ungulates, parturition is timed to coincide with peak forage quality so that females can meet the high energetic demands of lactation.

    “In temperate ungulates, parturition is timed to coincide with peak forage quality so that females can meet the high energetic demands of lactation (Parker et al. 2009).”

    From Animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a Yellowstone elk herd (2013) · cites this paper as Parker et al. 2009

    The Energy costs and intake section says lactation brings females’ highest daily energy costs, and the Conclusion says parturition is synchronized with the onset of spring green-up. But the Body protein section distinguishes species that calve near green-up and use dietary intake from earlier-calving species that rely on body stores. The paper therefore does not establish that parturition in temperate ungulates generally coincides with *peak forage quality*. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Much empirical evidence indicates pregnancy of temperate ungulates is influenced primarily by growing-season nutrition.

    “much empirical evidence indicates that pregnancy of temperate ungulates is influenced primarily by growing-season nutrition (Langvatn et al. 1996, Cook et al. 2004a, Parker et al. 2009).”

    From Animal migration amid shifting patterns of phenology and predation: lessons from a Yellowstone elk herd (2013) · cites this paper as Parker et al. 2009

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Authors
Parker, K. L., Barboza, P. S., & Gillingham, M. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Northern British Columbia (CA)
  • University of Alaska Fairbanks (US)
Corresponding author
Parker, Katherine L.
ORCID
Barboza, Perry S.
Venue
Functional Ecology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-01-16
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
57-69
ISSN
  • 0269-8463 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2435
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01528.x
OpenAlex
W2034053655
Cited by
686
References
1
Citations by year
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FWCI
19.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
Functional Ecology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
Keywords
ungulates, nutrition, body condition, fat mass, body protein, winter survival, reproduction, parturition timing, seasonal habitat, bioenergetics, foraging, Rangifer, life history strategies, predation, demography

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