Climate, duration, and N placement determine N 2 O emissions in reduced tillage systems: a meta‐analysis
Abstract
No‐tillage and reduced tillage ( NT / RT ) management practices are being promoted in agroecosystems to reduce erosion, sequester additional soil C and reduce production costs. The impact of NT / RT on N 2 O emissions, however, has been variable with both increases and decreases in emissions reported. Herein, we quantitatively synthesize studies on the short‐ and long‐term impact of NT / RT on N 2 O emissions in humid and dry climatic zones with emissions expressed on both an area‐ and crop yield‐scaled basis. A meta‐analysis was conducted on 239 direct comparisons between conventional tillage ( CT ) and NT / RT . In contrast to earlier studies, averaged across all comparisons, NT / RT did not alter N 2 O emissions compared with CT . However, NT / RT significantly reduced N 2 O emissions in experiments >10 years, especially in dry climates. No significant correlation was found between soil texture and the effect of NT / RT on N 2 O emissions. When fertilizer‐N was placed at ≥5 cm depth, NT / RT significantly reduced area‐scaled N 2 O emissions, in particular under humid climatic conditions. Compared to CT under dry climatic conditions, yield‐scaled N 2 O increased significantly (57%) when NT / RT was implemented <10 years, but decreased significantly (27%) after ≥10 years of NT / RT . There was a significant decrease in yield‐scaled N 2 O emissions in humid climates when fertilizer‐N was placed at ≥5 cm depth. Therefore, in humid climates, deep placement of fertilizer‐N is recommended when implementing NT / RT . In addition, NT / RT practices need to be sustained for a prolonged time, particularly in dry climates, to become an effective mitigation strategy for reducing N 2 O emissions.
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By one recent study, corn farmers in the U.S. Midwest could reduce N2O loss by 50% with more conservative fertilizer practices.
“By one recent study 53 , corn farmers in the U.S. Midwest could reduce N 2 O loss by 50% with more conservative fertilizer practices.”
From Climate-smart soils (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
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Paustian, K., Lehmann, J., Ogle, S., Reay, D., Robertson, G. P., & Smith, P. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17174 · Cited by 2,213 · see citing works
Soussana, J.-F., Lutfalla, S., Ehrhardt, F., Rosenstock, T., Lamanna, C., Havlík, P., Richards, M., Wollenberg, E. (., Chotte, J.-L., Torquebiau, E., et al. (2019) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2017.12.002 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Farming for ecosystem services: An ecological approach to production agriculture
Philip Robertson, G., Gross, K. L., Hamilton, S. K., Landis, D. A., Schmidt, T. M., Snapp, S. S., & Swinton, S. M. (2014) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biu037 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Chen, H., Dai, Z., Veach, A. M., Zheng, J., Xu, J., & Schadt, C. W. (2020) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2020.106841 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
- Authors
- van Kessel, C., Venterea, R., Six, J., Adviento‐Borbe, M. A., Linquist, B., & van Groenigen, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam‐Powell Center for Environmental Research Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
- Venue
- Global Change Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-08-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-44
- ISSN
- 1354-1013 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2486
- OpenAlex
- W2166656778
- Cited by
- 463
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Global Change Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Irish Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Keywords
- nitrous oxide emissions, no-tillage, reduced tillage, conventional tillage, deep placement, climate effects on emissions, arid climate, humid climate, long-term tillage effects, yield-scaled emissions, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, soil texture
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Climate, Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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