Relaxation Imagery Used for Stress Reduction in the Prevention of Smoking Relapse
Abstract
Many ex-smokers fail to remain abstinent after the completion of a formal cessation programme, and relapse rates of 60% to 80% are common. Smokers identify stress as a major factor in relapse. Healthy coping skills are required to prevent a return to smoking. The effectiveness of relaxation imagery was investigated for reducing stress and prolonging abstinence in adult ex-smokers. Volunteer subjects (n = 76) were solicited after completing a local smoking cessation programme, and participants were randomly assigned to an experimental imagery group (n = 39) and to a control group (n = 37). Both groups met for a 3-month period, and experimental group members received instruction in imagery techniques. A 2 x 3 repeated-measures MANOVA with post hoc procedures demonstrated significant changes in variables over time, resulting in enhanced imagery effectiveness, reduced stress, and greater abstinence for the group receiving imagery training. Additionally, discriminant analysis revealed that higher stress and lower imagery effectiveness were prevalent in smoking recidivists. Results indicate that as guided relaxation imagery is learned and practised, effectiveness of imagery is increased, perceived stress is reduced, and smoking abstinence is maintained.
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A study of over 136,000 citizens showed a significant correlation between high stress levels and increased tobacco consumption.
“A study of over 136,000 citizens showed a significant correlation between high stress levels and increased tobacco consumption [79,80,81,82].”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
The pathway from stress to disease involves environmental demands, perceived stress, negative emotional responses, poor health behaviors, and physiological changes, culminating in a heightened risk of disease onset or progression.
“The pathway from stress to disease involves environmental demands, perceived stress, negative emotional responses, poor health behaviors, and physiological changes, culminating in a heightened risk of disease onset or progression.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
Smokers often relapse after cessation programs, citing stress as a major factor.
“Smokers often relapse after cessation programs, citing stress as a major factor.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
Stressful events can trigger affective responses like worry and anxiety, altering the functions of the HPA axis and the SAM system, which can lead to poor health decisions such as decreased exercise, poor sleep, increased smoking, and alcohol consumption, ultimately increasing disease risk.
“Stressful events can trigger affective responses like worry and anxiety, altering the functions of the HPA axis and the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary (SAM) system. This can lead to poor health decisions, such as decreased exercise, poor sleep, increased smoking, and alcohol consumption, which ultimately increase disease risk.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
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- Authors
- Wynd, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Akron (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wynd, Christine A
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 294-302
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2648
- OpenAlex
- W2085536745
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- relaxation imagery, guided imagery, smoking relapse, smoking cessation, stress reduction, abstinence maintenance, former smokers, coping strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Relaxation Therapy, Stress, Psychological, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome
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