Heatwaves and their impact on people with alcohol, drug and mental health conditions: a discussion paper on clinical practice considerations: Heatwaves impact mental health conditions
Abstract
AIM: This article discusses the clinical implications of adverse health outcomes derived during heatwaves for people with mental health disorders, substance misuse and those taking prescribed medications such as lithium, various neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs. BACKGROUND: With climate change it is predicted that the incidence of prolonged periods of extreme heat will increase. Specific adverse health outcomes associated with high environmental temperatures include heat stroke and heat exhaustion. Those at increased risk for heat-related mortality are those with chronic health conditions, including those with mental health disorders and substance misuse. DATA SOURCES: Sources of evidence included and 'grey' literature published between 1985 and 2010, such as key texts, empirical research, public policies, training manuals and community information sheets on heat waves. DISCUSSION: Current clinical practice and clinical impact of heatwaves on those people with comorbidity is explored. This includes the physiological components of heat stress, heat regulation, and the impact of alcohol and other drugs; and, ramifications and professional practice issues for those with mental health conditions and those requiring mental health medications. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Client education covering modification of the environment and the use of client heat safety action plans. Secure, accessible stores of prescribed medication are recommended and emergency substance withdrawal kits could be made available. CONCLUSION: All nurses have a responsibility to increase the capability and resilience of their clients to manage their chronic health needs during a heatwave. At these times nurses need to give extra monitoring and assistance when clients lack the capacity or resources to protect themselves.
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Heat-related mental health morbidity tends to occur most often in people with impaired thermoregulation: those with pre-existing mental health illness or problems, those taking prescription medications (lithium, neuroleptic, and anticholinergic drugs), and those with substance abuse problems.
“Scholars in the field note that heat-related mental health morbidity tends to occur most often in people with impaired thermoregulation, namely people with pre-existing mental health illness and problems, people taking prescription medications (specifically lithium, neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs), and those with substance abuse (alcohol and drugs) problems [35, 36, 74].”
From Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
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Characteristics and Circumstances of US Overdose Deaths With Recorded Heat Involvement
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Oliveira, M. G. D. S., da Silva, C. B. C., Leitão, F. L. B. F., do Nascimento, J. D., Gómez, M. B. S., Clíments, G. D., de Sousa, T. C., Cavalcante, T. F., Freire, V. E. C. D. S., & Moreira, R. P. (2026) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1155/nuf/4467481
- Authors
- Cusack, L., de Crespigny, C., & Athanasos, P.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Cusack, Lynette
- ORCID
- Cusack, Lynette
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01-07
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 915-922
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1955001692
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- heat waves, heat-related mortality, heatstroke, heat exhaustion, mental illness, substance abuse, alcohol, lithium, anticholinergic agents, antipsychotic drugs, heat stress, heat control, comorbidities, climate change, client education, drug storage, nursing practice
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Australia, Mental Disorders, Body Temperature Regulation, Chronic Disease, Clinical Protocols, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Infant, Male, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotropic Drugs, Risk Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Comorbidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Nurse's Role, Disaster Medicine, Global Warming
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