The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 29 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Calcineurin is a major player in calcium‐dependent signal transduction pathways of eukaryotes. Calcineurin acts on transcription factors (e.g. CRZ1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and governs the expression of genes in a species‐dependent fashion. In Candida albicans , the calcineurin pathway is involved in tolerance to antifungal agents, cation homeostasis and virulence. However, the components of the calcineurin pathway are still poorly investigated in this yeast species. Taking S. cerevisiae as a model to reconstitute this pathway, two CRZ1 ‐like genes, CRZ1 and CRZ2 (for c alcineurin‐ r esponsive z inc finger 1 and 2 genes), were found with C 2 H 2 zinc finger domains. Only CRZ1 was able to restore the calcium hypersusceptibility of a S. cerevisiae crz1 Δ mutant and to mediate calcium‐dependent gene expression in this yeast species. Several experiments showed that CRZ1 was dependent on calcineurin in C. albicans : (i) phenotypic analysis of a crz1 Δ/Δ mutant showed impaired growth as compared with the wild type in the presence of cations (Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ ) as does a mutant lacking calcineurin subunit A ( cna Δ/Δ) and (ii) a green fluorescent protein (GFP)–Crz1p fusion protein showed a calcium‐ and calcineurin‐dependent nuclear localization. To further analyse the relationship between calcineurin and CRZ1 , a comprehensive analysis of calcineurin/Crz1p‐dependent gene expression following addition of Ca 2+ (200 mM) was performed. Among the expression of 264 genes altered by at least twofold, the upregulation of 60 genes was dependent on both calcineurin and CRZ1 . Interestingly, a motif [5′‐G(C/T)GGT‐3′] with similarity to the target sequence of Crz1p (GNGGCG/TCA) from S. cerevisiae was identified as a putative regulatory sequence in the upstream regions of these calcineurin/Crz1p‐dependent genes. However, additional experiments showed that calcineurin may have other targets in addition to CRZ1 . First, CRZ1 was not involved in tolerance to antifungal agents (fluconazole, terbinafine) on the opposite to calcineurin. Second, CRZ1 was only moderately influencing virulence in a mice model of infection which is in sharp contrast to the strong avirulence of cna Δ/Δ mutant in the same animal model. Even though this work establishes CRZ1 as a calcineurin target, further studies are needed to identify other calcineurin‐dependent elements in C. albicans .
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This study identifies *Candida albicans* CRZ1 as a calcineurin-responsive transcription factor and functional homologue of *S. cerevisiae* Crz1p, showing calcium- and calcineurin-dependent nuclear localization and regulation of a large subset of calcium-activated genes. However, CRZ1 does not account for all calcineurin-dependent phenotypes, especially antifungal tolerance and full virulence, indicating additional calcineurin targets.
Key findings
- Among two *CRZ1*-like genes, only *CRZ1* complemented the calcium hypersensitivity of a *S. cerevisiae crz1Δ* mutant and activated CDRE-dependent reporter expression in a calcium- and FK506-sensitive manner; *CRZ2* did not.
- A *C. albicans crz1Δ/Δ* mutant showed impaired growth on Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ but not Li⁺, was less susceptible than *cnaΔ/Δ*, and unlike *cnaΔ/Δ* retained tolerance to terbinafine; *CRZ2* deletion produced no tested phenotype.
- GFP-Crz1p localized to the nucleus after calcium exposure and remained cytosolic with FK506; protein A-Crz1p showed calcium- and calcineurin-dependent mobility shifts, consistent with post-translational modification.
- Microarray analysis of 6039 genes found 264 calcium-regulated genes (≥2-fold), of which 69 were calcineurin-dependent and 65 Crz1p-dependent; 60 genes were regulated by both. A putative CDRE-like motif [5′-G(C/T)GGT-3′] was enriched in their promoters, and mutation of the *UTR2* promoter CDRE-like sequence abolished calcium induction.
- In mice, wild-type infection killed all mice within 9 days, *cnaΔ/Δ* mice survived 30 days, and *crz1Δ/Δ* infection led to 30% survival at 30 days; kidney burdens at day 3 were approximately 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ for wild type/revertant, 10² for *cnaΔ/Δ*, and 10⁴ for *crz1Δ/Δ*.
Methods
- *C. albicans* CRZ1 and CRZ2 were disrupted using the Ura-blaster strategy; complementation and CDRE reporter assays were performed in *S. cerevisiae*.
- Crz1p localization and modification were assayed with GFP- and protein A-tagged fusions under inducible or constitutive promoters, with calcium and FK506 treatments.
- Genome-wide expression profiling used *C. albicans* cDNA microarrays covering 6039 genes after 200 mM CaCl₂ exposure at 20, 40, and 60 min in wild-type, *cnaΔ/Δ*, and *crz1Δ/Δ* strains; data were analyzed with ANOVA, twofold thresholds, and GeneSpring clustering.
- Virulence was tested in a BALB/c mouse intravenous infection model with groups of 10 mice, survival monitoring for 30 days, and tissue burden counts in kidneys and spleen.
Limitations
- The paper states that further studies are needed to identify other calcineurin-dependent elements in *C. albicans*, because CRZ1 did not explain calcineurin-dependent antifungal tolerance or full virulence.
- The paper notes that the identity of the Crz1p post-translational modifications was not determined and that the precise NLS/NES and possible calcineurin docking motif require further analysis.
- The paper acknowledges that virulence results differ from another study (Onyewu et al., 2004) and suggests possible explanations including strain background, URA3 positional effects, and starting inoculum; evident from the text, the microarray analysis used a single calcium concentration and three time points, so other conditions or targets may be missed.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
94 Own result · 34 Own interpretation · 20 Not checked yet · 8 Own method · 5 No basis given
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“which is in sharp contrast to the strong avirulence of cna D / D mutant in the same animal model.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the expression of 264 genes altered by at least twofold, the upregulation of 60 genes was dependent on both calcineurin and CRZ1 .”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and to mediate calcium-dependent gene expression in this yeast species.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only CRZ1 was able to restore the calcium hypersusceptibility of a S. cerevisiae crz1 D mutant”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a motif [5 ¢ -G(C/T)GGT-3 ¢ ] with similarity to the target sequence of Crz1p (GNGGCG/TCA) from S. cerevisiae was identified as a putative regulatory sequence in the upstream regions of these cal-cineurin/Crz1p-dependent genes.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CRZ1 was only moderately influencing virulence in a mice model of infection”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“phenotypic analysis of a crz1 D / D mutant showed impaired growth as compared with the wild type in the presence of cations (Ca 2 + , Mn 2 + )”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“two CRZ1 -like genes, CRZ1 and CRZ2 (for calcineurin-responsive zinc finger 1 and 2 genes), were found with C 2 H 2 zinc finger domains.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The addition of FK506 to S. cerevisiae cells expressing C. albicans CRZ1 gene abolished calcium responsiveness”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 6039 genes monitored in the microarray experiments, expression of 264 genes (4.4% of total genome) was altered at least twofold in one of the three WT experiments at time points of 20, 40 and 60 min.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the deletion of CRZ1 led to 30% of survival in the group of infected mice at 30 days after infection.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In normal growth conditions, GFP-Crz1p was localized into the cytosol (Fig. 3A, 'No addition' panel).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The consensus sequence derived from the analysis of the CDRE sequence of the 60 calcineurin/Crz1p-dependent genes is G(C/T)GGT.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p ∆N lacking the N-terminal part was localized in the cytoplasm in both calcium-untreated and calcium-treated conditions”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All tested genes were upregulated in the presence of calcium as compared with nonexposed conditions in the wild-type strain, thus confirming their calcium-dependent expression.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An alignment of the S. cerevisiae Crz1p with C. albicans Crz1p revealed a putative SRR region localized between residues Ser 207 to Ser 231 that also contains several serine residues.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the double deletion of CRZ1 and CRZ2 did not increase the susceptibility to cations compared with the single crz1∆/∆ mutant as shown in the presence of 200 mM CaCl 2 (Fig. 1A, top, lanes 4 and 8).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The re-introduction of one CRZ1 copy (strain MKY268) restored the capacity to form filaments in both Spider and serum media (Fig. 2, last column)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the absence of Crz1p was not able to completely abolish calcium activation such as in the absence of calcineurin activity, a feature consistent with the results of Fig. 7 (see above).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The group of mice infected with the cna∆/∆ mutant (strain MKY379) survived during the entire time of experiments”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“orf19.2356and orf19.9892(98% similarity between each other) were named CRZ2-1 and CRZ2-2 as these genes are alleles of the same gene.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it was more virulent than the cna∆/∆ strain (P = 0.0012).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plaincorrelationaln = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded a sequence of five nucleotides [5′-G(C/T)GGT-3′] which could be considered as a potential CDRE in C. albicans”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The comparison of subsets of genes regulated by calcineurin and Crz1p in a calcium-dependent manner revealed that 60 genes were regulated by both cal-cineurin and Crz1p (Table 3).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only the addition of both FK506 and terbinafine resulted in the killing of the mutant to the same extent as the cna∆/∆ mutant exposed to terbinafine only (Fig. 1B).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysis of their function reveals that 42% of the regulated genes (29) had an unknown function.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The re-introduction of one CRZ1 copy in a crz1∆/∆ strain restored growth to the extent of the wild type in these conditions (Fig. 1A, top, lane 5)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the protein (Crz1p-III) migrated as the fusion protein expressed in a cna∆/∆ strain grown in the presence or absence of calcium (lanes 5 and 6).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“at days 3 and 9 after infection, no cna∆/∆ mutant cell could be recovered both in kidney and in spleen.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the crz1∆/∆ mutant was less susceptible to these ions than the cna∆/∆ mutant.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The presence of one CRZ1 copy from C. albicans in S. cerevisiae resulted in similar calcium-dependent reporter activity profiles to those measured with CRZ1.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“all mice infected with the wild type (strain MKY378) died within 9 days of experimentation.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis revealed a subset of 65 genes activated by Crz1p in the presence of calcium (Table 3).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and which is statistically occurring in these promoters with a low P-value (< 0.005) when compared with the upstream sequences of all C. albicans genes (Table 3).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the deletion of CRZ2 did not alter growth of the mutant in all tested conditions as compared with the C. albicans wild-type strain (Fig. 1A, top and bottom, lane 7).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the crz1∆/CRZ1 heterozygous strain showed the same phenotypes as the wild-type strain in almost all tested conditions (Fig. 1A, lanes 1 and 3)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“protein A-Crz1p isolated from MKY351 showed three major forms differing by their migration on SDS-PAGE.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the re-introduction of one CRZ1 allele into the crz1∆/∆ strain led to the death of all mice within 10 days.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plaindirectn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the presence of calcium, GFP-Crz1p was mostly localized in the nucleus, as GFP and Hoechst fluorescence colocal-ized in the cells (Fig. 3A, 'CaCl 2 ' panel).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the addition of FK506 alone or with calcium leads to the cytoplasmic localization of the fusion protein (Fig. 3A, 'CaCl 2 + FK506' panel).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The addition of FK506 in the absence or presence of calcium (lanes 3 and 4) converted the protein A-Crz1p fusion into a protein with the highest molecular weight (Crz1p-III).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A sequence (-384 to -363 with respect to ATG) was identified as the putative CDRE in the UTR2 promoter.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In normal growth conditions (lane 1), protein A-Crz1p can be distinguished as a major form with the lowest molecular weight (Crz1p-I).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Spider agar, the crz1∆/∆ mutant resembled the cna∆/∆ mutant strain, as ability to form filaments was severely compromised as compared with the wild type (Fig. 2, second and third rows).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“even though the expression of PLC3 and UTR2 was slightly increased in the presence of calcium in the crz1∆/∆ mutant only (Fig. 7).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fungal load of tissues from organs infected by the crz1∆/∆ mutant at day 9 after infection was close to those observed in the wild type or the CRZ1-revertant strain at day 3 after infection.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“at high cations concentration, the cna∆/∆ and the crz1∆/∆ mutants displayed similar susceptibilities to Ca 2+ and Mn 2+ (data not shown).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Growth of the crz1∆/∆ mutant in serum agar indicates that Crz1p is not involved in the survival of C. albicans in serum”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In calcium-exposed conditions (lane 2), a shift of this band to higher molecular weight can be observed (Crz1p-II).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when EVY6 was exposed to both calcium and FK506, GFP-Crz1p remained cytosolic (Fig. 3A, 'CaCl 2 + FK506' panel).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the fusion protein was localized in the nucleus either in the presence or in the absence of calcium”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A subset of 69 calcium-activated and calcineurin-dependent genes was thus identified.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“unlike CNA, CRZ1 was not altering susceptibility to terbinafine as compared with the wild type.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to further analyse the link between calcineurin and Crz1p in C. albicans, we showed here that Crz1p had a calcineurin-dependent nuclear localization in the presence of calcium (Fig. 3A).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A putative cis-acting sequence in the UTR2 promoter is responsible for calcium induction.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, the deletion of CRZ2 in C. albicans showed no phenotypes under all tested conditions (Fig. 1A).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The transversion of these five nucleotides resulted in a loss of the calcium response.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is interesting to observe that calcium-induced reporter activities are decreased between promoters length of 500 bp and 397 bp in the UTR2 promoter analysis (Fig. 8).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in the presence of antifungals (fluconazole, terbinafine), the crz1∆/∆ mutant strain exhibited only slight changes in susceptibility as compared with the cna∆/∆ mutant (Fig. 2A, bottom).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Preliminary data indicate that CCH1 from C. albicans is necessary for survival in the presence of fluconazole and terbinafine, therefore supporting this hypothesis (D.Sanglard, unpublished).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites D.Sanglard, unpublished
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A functional homologue of CRZ1 from S. cerevisiae, CRZ1, could be identified in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the 69 calcineurin-dependent genes in C. albicans, 17 have no significant similarity with S. cerevisiae genes.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p has a calcineurin-dependent nucleocytoplasmic localization.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Asterisk (*) shows a statistical significant difference (P < 0.01) between reporter activities measured in the wild-type strain with 1 kb promoter length and those measured in indicated strains with corresponding promoter lengths.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“List of genes activated by calcium and regulated by calcineurin and Crz1p.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only matching motif was localized at amino acid position 445 with the followed motif: IIISIN (IxIxIN).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this work, the Crz1pprotein A fusion apparently undergoes post-translational modifications as judged by alterations in migration in SDS-PAGE that are dependent on calcium, calcineurin inhibitors and also dependent on the type of mutant used for expression (Fig. 4).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, CRZ2, a gene with 48% similarity to CRZ1, was not able to complement CRZ1 functions in the experiments undertaken here.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p can undergo post-translational modifications in a calcineurin-dependent manner.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A promoter analysis was also performed on PMC1 and indicated that PMC1 was regulated in the presence of calcium by both calcineurin and Crz1p (data not shown).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The genome-wide analysis of genes regulated by 200 mM calcium after 20, 40 and 60 min exposure revealed that their majority was induced or repressed at the earliest time of exposure (20 min).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Deletion of this region affected the nuclear localization in calciumexposed conditions.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We showed here that the crz1∆/∆ mutant was hypersusceptible to different cations except to lithium (see Fig. 2A, top)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A same decrease was observed between the wild type and the crz1∆/∆ mutant for calcium-induced reporter activities measured with the full-length UTR2 promoter (Fig. 8).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, the PMC1 promoter was found to contain a CDRElike sequence, at -440 (with respect to the ATG codon): TATCAGTATAATTCTTGTGGTGTTG.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A functional domain investigation in Crz1p sequence revealed here that the NLS could be localized within the N-terminal part of Crz1p between residues 2 and 207 (Fig. 3A and 4B).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Crz1p, however, no similar consensus motif could be found.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Preliminary results indicate that the growth of the crz2∆/∆ mutant is reduced at low pH values (2-3) as compared with the wild type, thus being in agreement with this hypothesis (D.Sanglard, unpubl.data).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites D.Sanglard, unpubl.data
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“additional experiments showed that calcineurin may have other targets in addition to CRZ1 .”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even though this work establishes CRZ1 as a calcineurin target”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a common characteristic of calcineurin among fungal pathogens is its involvement in virulence.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“mice infected with the cna ∆ / ∆ or cnb1 ∆ / ∆ mutant strain survived as compared with mice infected with a wild type (Bader et al ., 2003;Blankenship et al., 2003;Sanglard et al., 2003).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bader et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Blankenship et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CRZ2 is probably not a potential target of calcineurin in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“therefore delimiting the NLS to a domain between residues 2 and 231.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus suggesting that the NLS sequence could be localized in the N-terminal part of Crz1p (between residues 2 and 322).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The same observations were obtained in the presence of SDS, a cell membrane perturbing agent, suggesting that CRZ1 and CNA regulate the response to cell wall damage (Fig. 1A, bottom, lanes 2 and 4).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data suggest also that, in addition of CRZ1, other downstream target(s) of calcineurin must be implicated for the virulence of C. albicans in this animal model.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The deletion of both alleles of the gene encoding either the catalytic A subunit (CNA) or the regulatory B subunit (CNB1) of calcineurin leads to a loss of virulence in a mice model of infection (Bader et al., 2003;Blankenship et al., 2003;Sanglard et al., 2003).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bader et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Blankenship et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p-III should therefore correspond to the phosphorylated form of Crz1p, as no phosphatase activity could act on Crz1p in these conditions.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the data presented in Fig. 4 suggest that calcineurin activity can modify Crz1p.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These published data demonstrated that calcineurin is essential for the virulence of C. albicans in the systemic infection model.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bader et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Blankenship et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that, in the absence of FK506, calcineurin can still act on other residues than those of the SRR region.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus suggesting that the putative removed SRR region of Crz1p plays a role in the localization of Crz1p.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Crz1p contains two C 2 H 2 zinc finger domains known to recognize a sequence of five nucleotides rich in guanine according to the PFAM database (Accession No. PF00096)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites PFAM database (Accession No. PF00096)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p-II could correspond to a dephosphorylated form of Crz1p, as calcineurin is activated in calcium-exposed conditions.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results confirmed that UTR2 expression is regulated by calcineurin and CRZ1.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This procedure avoids positional effects of URA3 which can interfere with virulence as demonstrated by Brand et al. (2004).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Brand et al., 2004
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis revealed therefore that Crz1p regulated most of the calcineurindependent genes in the presence of calcium.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p-I can correspond to a form of this protein onto which calcineurin has a basal activity, as in the cna∆/∆ strain only Crz1p-III is observed.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p can undergo calcineurin-dependent modifications
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This result suggested a delay in organ colonization in the crz1∆/∆ mutant as compared with the wild type (Table 1).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
hedgedcorrelationaln = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The combination of the two types of genome-wide analysis allows a better identification of genes regulated by calcium to determine calcineurin-and Crz1pdependent activation.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Experimental design.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data suggest that CRZ2 is not a calcineurin downstream target in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, this result combined with above-mentioned results confirm that the consensus CDRE-like motif is the regulatory element implicated in the transcriptional activation in the presence of calcium.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus suggesting that Crz1p is important for cation homeostasis in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The promoter analysis of UTR2 and the identification of a CDRE in this promoter (Fig. 8) confirmed the relevance of this element for the calcium and calcineurin regulation of this gene.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The putative CDRE-like sequence found in common in the promoters of almost all the 60 calcineurin/ Crz1p-dependent genes strongly suggests that Crz1p could regulate their expression through this element.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests the presence of Crz1pdependent regulatory element between nt position -500 and -397.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that Crz1p is a major activator of calcineurin-dependent genes in the presence of calcium in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data therefore confirm that the 24 bp sequence localized between -384 and -363 can possess the regulatory element responsible for calcium induction.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, as several phenotypic differences between the crz1∆/∆ and cna∆/∆ mutants were observed in this present work, it can be expected that calcineurin possesses other targets in addition to Crz1p responsible for the observed phenotypes.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that Crz2p could be involved in the pH response of C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
- Probably not a substantial claim. 21
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This domain was identified in the three different ORFs (orf19.7359,orf19.2356and orf19.9892)and therefore indicates that these ORFs are putative transcription factors.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CRZ1 was not involved in tolerance to antifungal agents (fluconazole, terbinafine) on the opposite to calcineurin.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In YEPD medium, the crz1∆/∆ mutant and the wild type showed similar colony appearance in contrast to the cna∆/∆ mutant which formed wrinkled colonies (Fig. 2, first row).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fluconazole susceptibility was slightly increased by the deletion of one or two CRZ1 copies as compared with the wild type but not to the extent of the cna∆/∆ mutant (Fig. 1A, bottom, lanes 1, 2 and 4)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crz1p ∆C and Crz1p ∆232-322 were both localized constitutively in the nucleus (Fig. 3A)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the crz1∆/∆ strain was affected in colony morphology as compared with the wild type but not to the same extent as the cna∆/∆ mutant.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among genes with known or putative functions, five were involved in cell wall organization (UTR2, ECM331, GSL21, IPF19968 and PMT2), three in cellular organization (AKR1, SAC6.5F and IPF13784), five in cellular transport and homeostasis (CCH1, RTA2, YIP3.3, ENA21.3 and VPS1), seven in cell metabolism and six in protein fate (see Table 3).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“kidneys from mice infected with the wild type or the CRZ1 revertant contained similar colony-forming units (cfu) (approximately 10 6 cfu g -1 ), whereas those from the cna∆/∆ and crz1∆/∆ mutants contained about 10 2 and 10 4 cfu g -1 respectively (Table 1).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the presence of 10 µg ml -1 terbinafine, the crz1∆/∆ mutant showed the same growth pattern as the wild type, whereas cna∆/∆ mutant was not able to grow (Fig. 1A, bottom, lanes 1, 2 and 4).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This region contains a motif rich in guanine (5′-GGGCT-3′) conserved in the CDRE of S. cerevisiae (Fig. 8, bottom) and similar to the motif found in the promoters of the 60 calcineurin/Crz1p-dependent genes [5′-G(C/T)GGT-3′] by genome-wide analysis.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while the cna∆/∆ mutant was rapidly killed in the presence of terbinafine, the crz1∆/∆ mutant was still able to grow in the presence of this substance.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only CRZ1 but not CRZ2 from C. albicans was restoring in S. cerevisiae a wild-type phenotype in the presence of calcium (Fig. S1 in Supplementary material)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the growth of the crz1∆/∆ mutant was severely impaired by Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ but not Li + (Fig. 1A, top, lane 4).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only nine and five genes were strictly calcineurin-or Crz1pdependent respectively (Table 3).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 8 (top), lacZ reporter activity was increased approximately by 3.5-fold in a wild-type strain after 2 h exposure to 200 mM of calcium, whereas this induction was decreased to 2.2-fold in a strain lacking CRZ1 and almost absent (1.1-fold) in the cna∆/∆ mutant.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The highest frequency of each base occurring at each position was shown: 95% of possible bases at the position 1 correspond to a G, 35% at the position 2 can be at equal probability a C or a T, 75% at the position 3 correspond to a G, 93% at the position 4 to a G and 62% at the position 5 to a T.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the number of genes with at least a twofold expression ratio reached a maximum at 20 min (176 genes), decreased at 40 min (82 genes) and increased at 60 min (162 genes) (Fig. 6A).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In cna∆/∆ and crz1∆/∆ mutant strains, the tested genes were not regulated by calcium and therefore confirmed their calcineurin/Crz1p-dependent regulation”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Genome-wide analysis of the calcineurin-activated genes in the presence of calcium
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The expression profiles of 264 calcium-regulated genes exhibiting a twofold or greater change were clustered with experiments carried out with the crz1∆/∆ or cna∆/∆ C. albicans strains at 20, 40 and 60 min time points (see Table2for experiment details).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“List of common genes regulated by calcineurin in the presence of calcium between S. cerevisiae and C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, virulence phenotypes between the crz1∆/∆ and cna∆/∆ mutants were not identical: while calcineurin is essential for virulence in a mice model of infection, CRZ1 has only a moderate effect (Fig. 5).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, the crz1∆/∆ mutant could survive to terbinafine exposure as demonstrated by time-kill curves (Fig. 2B), which is in strong contrast with the lack of terbinafine tolerance of the cna∆/ ∆ mutant as described (Sanglard et al., 2003).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CCH1 gene is present in the C. albicans genome and shares 55% of similarity with S. cerevisiae.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the crz1∆/∆ was able to grow on serum-containing agar (Fig. 3), a feature contrasting with the lack of survival of the cna∆/∆ in this medium which was established earlier (Blankenship et al., 2003;Sanglard et al., 2003).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blankenship et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The vast majority of calcineurin-dependent genes have a Crz1p-dependent expression, thus suggesting that Crz1p is a major mediator of calcineurin-activated gene expression in yeast (Yoshimoto et al ., 2002).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yoshimoto et al., 2002
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Crz1p contains a C 2 H 2 zinc finger motif that binds to a specific element on the promoter of genes called CDRE (calcineurin-dependent response element) shown to be sufficient for Ca 2 + -and calcineurin-dependent gene expression (Stathopoulos and Cyert, 1997).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stathopoulos and Cyert, 1997
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“cyclosporin A and tracolimus form complexes with cyclophilin A and FKBP12 (FK506-binding protein 12) respectively.These immunosuppressant drugreceptor complexes bind calcineurin and inhibit its enzymatic activity (Liu et al ., 1991).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Liu et al., 1991
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In response to increased Ca 2 + , activated calcineurin dephosphorylates Crz1p, thus leading to its nuclear localization (Stathopoulos-Gerontides et al ., 1999).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stathopoulos-Gerontides et al., 1999
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In C. albicans , recent reports revealed the involvement of calcineurin in antifungal tolerance, cell morphogenesis and virulence.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bader et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Blankenship et al., 2003
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Calcineurin is a Ca 2 +calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase consisting of a catalytic A subunit and a regulatory B subunit.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Rusnak and Mertz, 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Using DNA microarrays, calcineurin activation induces 153 genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, ion homeostasis, vesicle trafficking, lipid synthesis and protein degradation.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yoshimoto et al., 2002
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these observations indicated that both CRZ1 and CNA regulate cation homeostasis.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings demonstrate that, unlike the avirulence of the cna∆/∆ strain, CRZ1 was partially involved in virulence.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
boostedconditionaln = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Taken together, these observations suggest that CRZ1 has impact on colony morphology, but also indicate only a partial overlap with phenotypes dependent on calcineurin.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Phenotypic analysis of C. albicans CRZ1 and CRZ2 mutant strains
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the functional assays performed in S. cerevisiae strongly supported that CRZ1 from C. albicans is the functional homologue of CRZ1 but not CRZ2.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Identification of a C. albicans functional homologue to CRZ1 of S. cerevisiae
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The obtained strains were also verified by Southern blot for the expected genomic integration and CRZ1 copy number (data not shown).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results therefore suggest that Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in the presence of calcium and that this localization is dependent on calcineurin activity.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Crz1p is localized in the nucleus in a calcium-and calcineurin-dependent manner
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The phenotypes of strains constructed for virulence assays (cation and drug susceptibility, colony morphology) were identical to those of strains used in the first part of this study.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As Crz1p is not involved in the survival of C. albicans in the presence of antifungals, the C. albicans Cch1p could be a potential calcineurin target that could explain the fungicidal effect of fluconazole in a strain lacking calcineurin activity and therefore a fully functional CCS.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In S. cerevisiae it is well known that calcineurin has several substrates in addition to Crz1p not belonging to transcriptional activators (Cyert, 2001;2003).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cyert, 2001;2003
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Animal experiments were carried out at the CHUV animal facility and were approved by the local ethical committee.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Animal experiments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to determine a significant threshold in expression ratio, a LOWESS normalization was performed only on the TEF3 spots, TEF3 being an housekeeping gene.The significant threshold was considered above the most modulated TEF3 hybridization signals.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dye swap controls were replaced by WTvsCNA and WTvsCRZ experiments as described above in which cDNA from the wild type exposed to calcium was labelled with Cy-3 instead of Cy-5 as it is the case in the WT experiment (Table 2).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Experimental design.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This comparison suggests a speciesspecific calcineurin-dependent gene activation, which could result from the role of calcineurin in the adaptation of the organism to its environmental niche.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent gene expression overlap via a putative regulatory element
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this yeast species, Crz1p is shuffling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after post-translational modifications dependent on calcineurin.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Santos and de Larrinoa, 2005
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As in S. cerevisiae, calcineurin can act on other proteins by post-translational modifications in C. albicans.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As calcineurin activity in C. albicans is required for multiple functions important for survival in the host and among them the most relevant are virulence and tolerance to antifungal agents (Sanglard et al., 2003)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Targets of calcineurin in C. albicans
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Sanglard et al., 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Samples of inoculum suspensions were plated onto YEPD agar to confirm the accuracy of the infection dose.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Animal experiments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The microarray covers nearly 98% of the total number of C. albicans genes and includes 27 control genes in each block, including, for example, negative controls (intergenic regions), crosshybridization controls (S.cerevisiae genes) and dynamic range controls by a serial dilution of TEF3 gene from 1 to 1/32.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Microarray experiments
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Recent microarray experiments performed in C. albicans under different pH conditions governed by the Rim101pdependent pathway revealed that CRZ2 was downregulated by Rim101p in alkaline pH (Bensen et al., 2004).”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > CRZ1 as a calcineurin downstream target
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bensen et al., 2004
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The components of the calcineurin pathway are still poorly investigated in C. albicans.
“However, the components of the calcineurin pathway are still poorly investigated in this yeast species.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The NLS is localized between residues 2 and 207 of Crz1p.
“it can be assumed that the NLS is localized between residues 2 and 207.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Calcium activates the calcineurin signalling pathway in C. albicans.
“As calcium is a classical activator of calcineurin activity, this cation was used as an effector to mimic the activation of the calcineurin signalling pathway in C. albicans.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The C. albicans cdr1∆/∆ cdr2∆/∆ mutant strain (DSY1025) allows optimal oestradiol-inducible transcriptional activation of the different fusion proteins.
“All plasmids were used to transform a C. albicans cdr1∆/∆ and cdr2∆/∆ mutant strain (DSY1025) to allow optimal oestradiol-inducible transcriptional activation of the different fusion proteins.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Crz1 is the key mediator of calcineurin-dependent transcriptional responses [37],[41] and is implicated in tolerance to azoles in both S. cerevisiae and C. albicans [20],[42].”
From Hsp90 Governs Echinocandin Resistance in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans via Calcineurin (2009) · cites this paper as [37]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The transcription factor Crz1 is a downstream effector of calcineurin and is involved in azole tolerance in C. albicans (14, 23, 28);”
From Roles of Calcineurin and Crz1 in Antifungal Susceptibility and Virulence of Candida glabrata (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As expected, exposure of cells containing the UTR2-lacZ reporter to calcium chloride resulted in activation of calcineurin relative to the untreated control (P<0.001, ANOVA, Bonferroni's Multiple Comparison Test Figure 4C).”
From Hsp90 Governs Echinocandin Resistance in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans via Calcineurin (2009) · cites this paper as [37]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Calcineurin also promoted tolerance to terbinafine in C. albicans (58), to tunicamycin and dithiothreitol in S. cerevisiae (59, 60), and to SDZ 90-215 in all these species (61).”
From Echinocandin tolerance and persistence in vitro are regulated by calcineurin signaling in Candida glabrata (2026) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“this mutation has little effect on virulence in both C. albicans (14, 23) and C. glabrata (Fig. 3).”
From Roles of Calcineurin and Crz1 in Antifungal Susceptibility and Virulence of Candida glabrata (2010) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Virulence of the C. albicans crz1∆/∆ mutant in the mice model of infection
“In contrast, at days 3 and 9 after infection, no cna∆/∆ mutant cell could be recovered both in kidney and in spleen.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Normalization control.
“| cna∆/∆ | 5 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | < 2.0 b | < 2.0 | < 2.0 | < 2.0 | < 2.0 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“These data therefore confirm that the 24 bp sequence localized between -384 and -363 can possess the regulatory element responsible for calcium induction.”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Calcineurin-and Crz1p-dependent regulation of UTR2
Reported 24 · recomputed 21
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Two fragments of 500 bp corresponding to the 5′-and 3′-flanking regions of UTR2 (sequence from nt -1550 to -1050 and +1014 to +1564, respectively, with respect to the first ATG)”
§ CRZ1 , a target of the calcineurin pathway in Candida albicans > Construction of UTR2-lacZ fusions
Reported 500 · recomputed 550
Citations
Cites
Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans.
Fonzi, W. A., & Irwin, M. Y. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/134.3.717 · Cited by 1,695
Calcineurin: Form and Function
Rusnak, F. M., & Mertz, P. S. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1483 · Cited by 1,375
Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole
Rex, J. H., Rinaldi, M. G., & Pfaller, M. A. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.1.1 · Cited by 880
Sanglard, D., Kuchler, K., Ischer, F., Pagani, J. L., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.11.2378 · Cited by 815
Self-citationResistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences
Sanglard, D., & Odds, F. C. (2002) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(02)00181-0 · Cited by 784
Self-citationThe SAT1 flipper, an optimized tool for gene disruption in Candida albicans
Reuß, O., Vik, Å., Kolter, R., & Morschhäuser, J. (2004) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.06.021 · Cited by 744
Yeast-enhanced green fluorescent protein (yEGFP): a reporter of gene expression in Candida albicans
Cormack, B. P., Bertram, G., Egerton, M., Gow, N. A. R., Falkow, S., & Brown, A. J. P. (1997) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-143-2-303 · Cited by 593
Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Monod, M., & Bille, J. (1997) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-143-2-405 · Cited by 587
Self-citationCandida albicans: A molecular revolution built on lessons from budding yeast
Berman, J., & Sudbery, P. E. (2002) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg948 · Cited by 578
Calcineurin is required for virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans
Odom, A., Muir, S., Lim, E., Toffaletti, D. L., Perfect, J., & Heitman, J. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.10.2576 · Cited by 516
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hanahan D., 1985, DNA Cloning. A Practical Approach, 109
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Fungal Cell Wall: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function
Gow, N. A. R., Latge, J.-P., & Munro, C. A. (2017) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0035-2016 · Cited by 1,423
Efflux-Mediated Antifungal Drug Resistance
Cannon, R. D., Lamping, E., Holmes, A. R., Niimi, K., Baret, P. V., Keniya, M. V., Tanabe, K., Niimi, M., Goffeau, A., & Monk, B. C. (2009) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00051-08 · Cited by 608
Hsp90 Governs Echinocandin Resistance in the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans via Calcineurin
Singh, S. D., Robbins, N., Zaas, A. K., Schell, W. A., Perfect, J. R., & Cowen, L. E. (2009) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000532 · Cited by 362
“We used a strain harboring a construct with the UTR2 promoter, which contains a CDRE element and is regulated by calcineurin [37], fused to lacZ and integrated at the UTR2 locus [40].”
BackgroundMethodLaFayette, S. L., Collins, C., Zaas, A. K., Schell, W. A., Betancourt-Quiroz, M., Gunatilaka, A. A. L., Perfect, J. R., & Cowen, L. E. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001069 · Cited by 329
Fitness Trade-offs Restrict the Evolution of Resistance to Amphotericin B
Vincent, B. M., Lancaster, A. K., Scherz-Shouval, R., Whitesell, L., & Lindquist, S. (2013) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001692 · Cited by 322
“These include targets of the known HSP90 client calcineurin [30,33], as well as genes involved in the response to iron starvation or oxidative stress, two stresses tightly linked to membrane sterol homeostasis.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Karababa, M., Valentino, E., Pardini, G., Coste, A. T., Bille, J., & Sanglard, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Sanglard, Dominique
- Venue
- Molecular Microbiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-01-20
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1429-1451
- ISSN
- 0950-382X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2958
- OpenAlex
- W1557800963
- Semantic Scholar
- a3d8b4bef12bfb3e470306f4cf4502a61002bff7
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Keywords
- Crz1, calcineurin, Candida albicans, calcium signaling, transcriptional regulation, C2H2 zinc finger, antifungal drug tolerance, cation homeostasis, virulence, nuclear localization, gene expression, Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, fluconazole resistance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antifungal Agents, Calcium, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Cell Nucleus, Female, Fungal Proteins, Glycoside Hydrolases, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Virulence, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Zinc Fingers, Genome, Fungal, Calcineurin, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
