Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risks of low birthweight and preterm birth: the Generation R Study
Abstract
Summary: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between active and passive smoking in different periods of pregnancy and changing smoking habits during pregnancy, with low birthweight and preterm birth. The study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population‐based prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Active and passive smoking were assessed by questionnaires in early, mid‐ and late pregnancy. Analyses were based on 7098 pregnant women and their children. Active smoking until pregnancy was ascertained and was not associated with low birthweight and preterm birth. Continued active smoking after pregnancy was also recorded and was associated with low birthweight (adjusted odds ratio 1.75 [95% CI 1.20, 2.56]) and preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [95% CI 1.04, 1.78]). The strongest associations were found for active maternal smoking in late pregnancy. Passive maternal smoking in late pregnancy was associated with continuously measured birthweight ( P for trend <0.001). For all active smoking categories in early pregnancy, quitting smoking was associated with a higher birthweight than continuing to smoke. Tendencies towards smaller non‐significant beneficial effects on mean birthweight were found for reducing the number of cigarettes without quitting completely. This study shows that active and passive smoking in late pregnancy are associated with adverse effects on weight and gestational age at birth. Smoking in early pregnancy only, seems not to affect fetal growth adversely. Health care strategies for pregnant women should be aimed at quitting smoking completely rather than reducing the number of cigarettes.
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Women who continue to smoke have increased odds for sPTB, although not significant.
“our results show that women who quit smoking and women who continue to smoke (although not significant) both have increased odds for sPTB [42–44].”
From Associations between periconceptional lifestyle behaviours and adverse pregnancy outcomes (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
Women who quit smoking during the first trimester have increased odds for sPTB.
“our results show that women who quit smoking and women who continue to smoke (although not significant) both have increased odds for sPTB [42–44].”
From Associations between periconceptional lifestyle behaviours and adverse pregnancy outcomes (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
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MOTHERISK ROUNDS: Nicotine Replacement Therapy During Pregnancy: Recommended or Not Recommended?
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- Authors
- Jaddoe, V. W. V., Troe, E. W. M., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Moll, H. A., Steegers, E. A. P., & Witteman, J. C. M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.
- Venue
- Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-02-20
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 162-171
- ISSN
- 0269-5022 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3016
- OpenAlex
- W1965458112
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 17.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- maternal smoking, active smoking, passive smoking, low birth weight, preterm birth, smoking during pregnancy, smoking cessation, fetal growth, Generation R Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Mothers, Netherlands, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Smoking Cessation, Premature Birth
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