Auxin activates KAT1 and KAT2, two K+‐channel genes expressed in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Summary: The transcript abundance of the K+‐channel gene ZMK1 (Zea mays K+ channel 1) in maize coleoptiles is controlled by the phytohormone auxin. Thus, ZMK1 is thought to function in auxin‐regulated coleoptile elongation, as well as during gravitropism and phototropism. To investigate related growth phenomena in the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we screened etiolated seedlings for auxin‐induced K+‐channel genes. Among the members of the Shaker‐like K+ channels, we thereby identified transcripts of the inward rectifiers, KAT1 (K+ transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana) and KAT2, to be upregulated by auxin. The phloem‐associated KAT2 was localised in cotyledons and the apical part of etiolated seedlings. In contrast, the K+‐channel gene KAT1 was expressed in the cortex and epidermis of etiolated hypocotyls, as well as in flower stalks. Furthermore, KAT1 was induced by active auxins in auxin‐sensitive tissues characterised by rapid cell elongation. Applying the patch‐clamp technique to protoplasts of etiolated hypocotyls, we correlated the electrical properties of K+ currents with the expression profile of K+‐channel genes. In KAT1‐knockout mutants, K+ currents after auxin stimulation were characterised by reduced amplitudes. Thus, this change in the electrical properties of the K+‐uptake channel in hypocotyl protoplasts resulted from an auxin‐induced increase of active KAT1 proteins. The loss of KAT1‐channel subunits, however, did not affect the auxin‐induced growth rate of hypocotyls, pointing to compensation by residual, constitutive K+ transporters. From gene expression and electrophysiological data, we suggest that auxin regulation of KAT1 is involved in elongation growth of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, a role for KAT2 in the auxin‐controlled vascular patterning of leaves is discussed.
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KAT1 potassium channels mediate K+ reflux to balance acidification of the apoplast in Arabidopsis.
“KAT1 potassium channels mediate K+ reflux to balance acidification of the apoplast in Arabidopsis (Philippar et al., 2004).”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Philippar et al., 2004
The Discussion (page unavailable) describes KAT1 as an inward-rectifying channel suited to mediate K⁺ uptake, not K⁺ reflux. The Introduction (page unavailable) says potassium uptake balances the charge of protons secreted into the apoplast; it does not say KAT1 balances apoplastic acidification by reflux. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants
Xin, G.-Y., Li, L.-P., Wang, P.-T., Li, X.-Y., Han, Y.-J., & Zhao, X. (2022) · Stress Biology · doi:10.1007/s44154-022-00066-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“KAT1 potassium channels mediate K+ reflux to balance acidification of the apoplast in Arabidopsis (Philippar et al., 2004).”
Background
- Authors
- Philippar, K., Ivashikina, N., Ache, P., Christian, M., Lüthen, H., Palme, K., & Hedrich, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hedrich, Rainer
- Venue
- The Plant Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-01-29
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 815-827
- ISSN
- 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-313X
- OpenAlex
- W2068238542
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Plant Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Missouri
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Keywords
- auxin, KAT1, potassium channel genes, etiolated seedlings, hypocotyl elongation, potassium currents, vascular patterning, leaf development, Arabidopsis thaliana
- MeSH terms
- Electrophysiology, Indoleacetic Acids, Mutation, Plant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Potassium Channels, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis, Gene Targeting, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Hypocotyl, RNA, Plant, Protein Subunits, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Arabidopsis Proteins, Seedlings
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