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Purification, Characterization and Partial Amino Acid Sequencing of Two New Aspartic Proteinases from Fresh Flowers of Cynara cardunculus L.
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Two new aspartic proteinases have been isolated from stigmas of the cardoon Cynara cardunculus L. by a two‐step purification procedure including extraction at low pH, gel filtration on Superdex 200, and ion‐exchange chromatography on Mono Q. To follow the conventional nomenclature for aspartic proteinases, we have named these proteinases cardosin A and cardosin B. On SDS/PAGE, cardosin A migrated as two bands with apparent molecular masses of 31 000 Da and 15000 Da where as the chains of cardosin B migrated as bands of 34000 Da and 14000 Da. The partial amino acid sequences of the two cardosins revealed that they are similar but not identical, and that they differ horn the previously reported cardoon proteinases named cynarases, which were assumed to be derived from a common precursor. Although the cardosins show some degree of similarity to each other, we could detect no immunological cross‐reactivity between them. Both cardosins were active at low pH and were inhibited by pepstatin, with Ki values of 3 nM for cardosin A and 1 nM for cardosin B, indicating that they belong to the class of aspartic proteinases. Significant differences between the two enzymes were also found for the Kcat/Km values for the hydrolysis of two chromophoric synthetic peptides. The active‐site ionization constants, pK e1 and pK e2, for cardosin A are 2.5±0.2 and 5.3±20.2, whereas for cardosin R they are 3.73±10.09 and 6.7±50.1. The results herein described on the structural and kinetic properties of the cardosins indicate that they are the products of distinct genes which have probably arisen by gene duplication. A scheme for the proteolytic processing of the two enzymes is also proposed.
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“More recent studies [21,63,64] have indicated that those two enzymes appear chiefly in the female part of the flowers of C. cardunculus, i.e. in the upper portion (where the ratio of concentrations of cardosin A to cardosin B is also higher); in the lower portion, only cardosin B is present [9].”
From Advances in the role of a plant coagulant ( Cynara cardunculus ) in vitro and during ripening of cheeses from several milk species (2002) · cites this paper as [64]
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“These flowers contain aspartic proteases, previously described, which have been shown to share specificity and kinetic parameters with chymosin and pepsin (Verissimo et al. 1995(Verissimo et al. , 1996)).”
From Plant proteases as milk-clotting enzymes in cheesemaking: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Verissimo et al. 1996
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“These proteinases share pH optima in the acid range, inhibition by pepstatin and preferential cleavage of peptide bonds between hydrophobic residues (as happens with other aspartic proteinases) [64].”
From Advances in the role of a plant coagulant ( Cynara cardunculus ) in vitro and during ripening of cheeses from several milk species (2002) · cites this paper as [64]
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Advances in the study of proteolysis during cheese ripening
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Metadata
- Authors
- Veríssimo, P., Faro, C., Moir, A. J. G., Lin, Y., Tang, J., & Pires, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faro, Carlos
- Venue
- European Journal of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 762-768
- ISSN
- 0014-2956 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1033
- OpenAlex
- W2086022519
- Semantic Scholar
- 7a83370164b5faf18b9386004bed408419f09581
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 12.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Cynara cardunculus studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pineapple and bromelain studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- aspartic protease, Cynara cardunculus, stigma (botany), enzyme purification, partial amino acid sequence, pepstatin inhibition, enzyme kinetics, gene duplication, proteolytic processing, immunological cross-reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins, Plants, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Blotting, Western, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Sequence Alignment
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