Cited by 112Avian ecology and behaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionAnimal Vocal Communication and Behavior

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Preflight Signalling in Swans: A Mechanism for Group Cohesion and Flock Formation

Black, Jeffrey M.·1988·Ethology

DOI 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00707.x

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Abstract

The preflight behaviour of whooper swans Cygnus cygnus and Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii was examined to determine the adaptive significance of the ritual. Analysis of the preflight sequence revealed that the rate of signalling became significantly faster as the time of takeoff approached. This provides the first quantitative evidence that a threshold of excitability is responsible for triggering synchronised flight in social units. Two ultimate and two proximate factors that affect this threshold were uncovered. They are: 1) Maintaining proximity to partners—flight was delayed by birds with non‐attentive mates and signalling lasted on average four times longer than those whose mates showed more interest. 2) Maintaining flock cohesiveness—birds which performed signals for longer periods while swimming among uninterested birds were successful in attracting followers 61% of the time. 3) The bird's feeding performance related to dominance status—less successful feeders (potentially hungry birds), flew after little time and few signals. 4) The type of feeding opportunity at the eventual destination—birds which flew to provided feeds (nutritious barley) spent less time performing preflight signals than when they flew to forage on grass fields.

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DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1
Kremers, D. (2013)

Authors: Black, J. M.
Affiliations: Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (GB)
Corresponding author: Black, Jeffrey M.
Venue: Ethology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1988-01-12
Volume: 79
Issue: 2
Pages: 143-157
ISSN: 0179-1613 (ISSN-L)
1439-0310
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00707.x
OpenAlex: W2038004637
Cited by: 112
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 0.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 8140 d)
Locations: Ethology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
Keywords: whooper swan, Bewick's swan, flock cohesion, group cohesion, dominance rank, feeding performance, foraging behavior, ritual behavior, Cygnus cygnus, Cygnus columbianus bewickii

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Preflight Signalling in Swans: A Mechanism for Group Cohesion and Flock Formation

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