The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
DUAL ACTIVATION OF CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC COMPONENTS DURING CONDITIONED FEAR TO CONTEXT IN THE RAT
Abstract
SUMMARY: The present study investigates the contribution of the sympathetic and vagal parasympathetic systems to the tachycardic response of long‐lasting (40 min) conditioned fear responses to context. The conditioned fear response evoked by re‐exposure to a footshock chamber was tested 10 min after intravenous injection of the β‐adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (2 mg/kg) or the muscarinic antagonist atropine methyl nitrate (2 mg/kg) in rats implanted with radiotelemetric probes. Compared with saline controls, the drugs did not change the behavioural component of the response (freezing, 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations) or its pressor component (+28 mmHg). Propranolol abolished the tachycardic response of fear, whereas atropine more than doubled it (from +75 to +175 b.p.m. above resting baseline). The results demonstrate that both sympathetic and vagal parasympathetic outflows to the heart are strongly activated during conditioned fear. The vagal activation may act to hold back cardiac acceleration while the animal waits for the aversive stimulus to come.
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Freezing occurs in the context of predatory threats-detection of a predator-or in laboratory situations where the animal is reexposed to a context or discrete cues that have previously been associated with an aversive event.
“Freezing occurs in the context of predatory threats—detection of a predator—or in laboratory situations where the animal is reexposed to a context or discrete cues that have previously been associated with an aversive event.9,46,60,61”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
The sum total of the above-described processes is a frightened animal that is stopped in midmovement, highly aroused, and primed to respond, but that is not yet active.
“The sum total of the above-described processes is a frightened animal that is stopped in midmovement, highly aroused, and primed to respond, but that is not yet active.34,45,60”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear
Fendt, M., & Fanselow, M. S. (1999) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00016-0 · Cited by 1,092
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
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- 10.1016/S0166-4328(98)00056-4 · DOI
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- Nosaka S, 1996, A prejunctional mechanism in midbrain periaqueductal gray inhibition of vagal bradycardia in rats, Am. J. Physiol., 270, R373
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Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease
Kivimäki, M., & Steptoe, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.189 · Cited by 1,197
Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L., & Carrive, P. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 468
“Freezing occurs in the context of predatory threats—detection of a predator—or in laboratory situations where the animal is reexposed to a context or discrete cues that have previously been associated with an aversive event.(9,46,60,61) In predator-prey interactions, this attentive immobility functions to decrease the…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carrive, P.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Carrive, Pascal
- ORCID
- Carrive, Pascal
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1251-1254
- ISSN
- 0305-1870 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1681
- OpenAlex
- W2070200229
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- fear conditioning, tachycardia, sympathetic nervous system, propranolol, atropine, beta-adrenoceptor antagonism, muscarinic antagonism, heart rate, freezing behavior, ultrasonic vocalizations, footshock, rats
- MeSH terms
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Animals, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atropine, Blood Pressure, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Heart, Heart Rate, Male, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Propranolol, Sympathetic Nervous System, Telemetry, Vocalization, Animal, Rats, Wistar, Rats
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