Cited by 1,092Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear

Fendt, M., Fanselow, M.S.·1999·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Abstract

After a few pairings of a threatening stimulus with a formerly neutral cue, animals and humans will experience a state of conditioned fear when only the cue is present. Conditioned fear provides a critical survival-related function in the face of threat by activating a range of protective behaviors. The present review summarizes and compares the results of different laboratories investigating the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear, focusing primarily on the behavioral models of freezing and fear-potentiated startle in rats. On the basis of these studies, we describe the pathways mediating and modulating fear. We identify several key unanswered questions and discuss possible implications for the understanding of human anxiety disorders.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00016-0

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  • The amygdala plays a key role in defensive behaviour and switching between defensive modes in rodents.

    “The amygdala plays a key role in defensive behaviour and switching between defensive modes in rodents [39–42].”

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Authors
Fendt, M., & Fanselow, M. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Tübingen (DE)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Fendt, M.
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-05
Volume
23
Issue
5
Pages
743-760
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2042847262
Cited by
1,092
References
244
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 54
FWCI
4.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
fear conditioning, freezing behavior, fear-potentiated startle, anxiety disorders, threat response
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Humans

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