Toll‐like receptors and pregnancy: Trophoblast as modulators of the immune response
Abstract
During normal pregnancy, the decidua is populated by a variety of leucocytes; however, cells of the innate immune system seem to dominate this tissue. Their presence suggests that the innate immune system is not indifferent to the fetus and has been associated with a response of the maternal immune system to the ‘semi‐allograft’ fetus. New evidences, however, indicate that these immune cells are critical for decidual and trophoblast development rather than induction of tolerance. We hypothesized that during implantation, an inflammatory environment is necessary for the attachment and invasion of the blastocyst. The existence of an ‘inflammatory‐mediated embryo implantation’ condition is dependent on the proper ‘education’ of the innate immune system which we propose is mediated by the trophoblast. Here we postulate that trophoblast cells successfully orchestrate their inflammatory environment and regulate immune cells differentiation and activation through Toll‐like receptors (TLR). We will describe potential functions of TLR in trophoblast cells, their recognition and response to microorganisms, and their involvement in innate immunity.
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COX-2 has been proposed as a marker of preeclampsia and of recovery after infectious conditions.
“In addition, COX-2 has been proposed as a marker of preeclampsia and recovery after infectious conditions [37].”
From Submicroscopic infection of placenta by Plasmodium produces Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance, inflammation and hypoxia in women from north-west Colombia (2014) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Koga, K., Aldo, P. B., & Mor, G.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mor, Gil
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03-25
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-202
- ISSN
- 1341-8076 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0756
- OpenAlex
- W2020240595
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, trophoblast, pregnancy, innate immunity, decidua, embryo implantation, inflammation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, immune cell differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Trophoblasts, Signal Transduction, Fetal Development, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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