Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine among the urban, affluent and educated parents of young girls residing in Kolkata, Eastern India
Abstract
Aim The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescent girls and young women; however, the social structure in India will not permit vaccination of this age-group without parental approval. Our study aimed to explore the attitude of affluent, urban Indian parents towards the HPV vaccine. Methods Well-to-do married couples with at least one daughter between 9-26 years of age were interviewed using a questionnaire in two parts. The first part was to assess their attitude to vaccination in general and their knowledge of cervical cancer; the second part was to assess their acceptance of the HPV vaccine. An educational fact sheet about cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine was administered in between the two parts. Results Of the 522 participants, 27% of men and 24% of women agreed to vaccinate their daughters against a cancer initially. After going through the fact sheet, 74% of both men and women were in favor of vaccination. Conclusions The HPV vaccine seems to be well accepted among this subgroup of population if appropriately educated.
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Uptake of HPV vaccination in general has been low in India due to misperceptions about HPV infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine, and due to cultural reasons.
“However, uptake of HPV vaccination in general has been low due to misperceptions about HPV infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine, and due to cultural reasons in India.”
From Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Parents of Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area, Mysore, India (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
HPV vaccine acceptance in this rural Mysore population was higher than reported among parents in other regions of India (46-74%) and other south Asian countries (26.5-84.0%).
“There was a higher rate of HPV vaccine acceptance in this population as compared to that reported among parents in the other regions of India (Range: 46% to 74%) 13,14,22 and other countries in south Asia (Range: 26.5% to 84.0%).23-26”
From Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Parents of Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area, Mysore, India (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
Much of the research to date about HPV vaccine acceptability in India has been limited to urban areas, with very limited information available from rural India where 60% of the Indian population resides.
“Much of the research to date about HPV vaccine acceptability in India has been limited to urban areas with very limited information being available from rural India where 60% of the Indian population resides.”
From Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Parents of Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area, Mysore, India (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
At the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access.
“At the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access, although there were recent developments such as the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac11,17,21.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Recent developments include the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac.
“At the policy level, high vaccine costs, lack of integration into national immunisation programmes, and limited public funding restricted access, although there were recent developments such as the introduction of low-cost vaccines like Cervavac11,17,21.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Exclusion of the HPV vaccine from India's national immunization schedule has stymied uptake, especially among marginalized groups.
“Multiple studies emphasized that the exclusion of the HPV vaccine from India’s national immunization schedule had stymied uptake, especially among marginalized groups15,21,25,26.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
High cost per dose of commercially available vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix makes them unaffordable for most Indian families, particularly in rural and low-income settings.
“Several studies cited the high cost per dose for commercially available vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix, making them unaffordable for most Indian families, particularly in rural and low-income settings17,21,31.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Cost is a primary barrier to HPV vaccination in India.
“Cost emerged as a primary barrier.”
From Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Madhivanan, P., Li, T., Srinivas, V., Marlow, L., Mukherjee, S., & Krupp, K. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Degarege, A., Krupp, K., Fennie, K., Srinivas, V., Li, T., Stephens, D. P., Marlow, L. A. V., Arun, A., & Madhivanan, P. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2018.07.008 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Barriers to HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in India: A scoping review
Josten, K., Rose Dhar, R., Reshmi, B., Natti Krishna, V., & Vennila, J. (2026) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.25259/ijmr_1834_2025 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Feasibility of single-dose regimens: Studies done by Man et al 16 , Basu et al 10 , and Sankaranarayanan et al 25 etc , on modelling and efficacy of vaccine supported a shift to single-dose strategies.”
- Authors
- Basu, P., & Mittal, S.
- Affiliations
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (IN)
- Child In Need Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Basu, Partha
- ORCID
- Basu, Partha
- Venue
- Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 393-401
- ISSN
- 1341-8076 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0756
- OpenAlex
- W1567085376
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- HPV vaccine, vaccine acceptance, parental attitudes, cervical cancer, adolescent girls, health education, Kolkata
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, India, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Parents, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Vaccination, Papillomavirus Infections, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Young Adult
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