Altered arterial stiffness in male-to-female transsexuals undergoing hormonal treatment
Abstract
AIM: Male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals are treated with estrogen with and without progestin through a variety of routes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness in MTF transsexuals undergoing hormonal treatment. METHODS: We evaluated the arterial stiffness in 156 MTF transsexuals (22 untreated and 129 treated with estrogen only or plus progestin) using a volume-plethysmographic apparatus equipped with a multi-element applanation tonometry sensor. RESULTS: MTF transsexuals treated with parenteral estrogen were significantly older than untreated MTF transsexuals. Hematocrit, uric acid and activated partial thromboplastin time in treated MTF transsexuals were significantly lower than in untreated MTF transsexuals. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in MTF transsexuals treated with oral estrogen was significantly higher than in untreated MTF transsexuals or those treated with parenteral estrogen with and without progestin. The systolic blood pressure in MTF transsexuals treated with estrogen only is significantly lower than that in untreated MTF transsexuals. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was significantly decreased in MTF transsexuals treated with estrogen compared to that in untreated MTF transsexuals or in those treated with estrogen plus progestin. The carotid augmentation index in MTF transsexuals treated with oral estrogen was significantly lower than that in MTF transsexuals treated with parenteral estrogen or oral estrogen plus progestin. CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen treatment is likely to have some beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and vascular function in MTF transsexuals; however, progestin administered with estrogen may have adverse effects on arterial stiffness.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Three cross-sectional studies found significant differences (p<0.05) or large effect sizes (Cohen's d=1.0) in HCT between transwomen after 6 months of GAHT and hormone-naive transwomen, with HCT decreases of 7.4%-10.9%.
“Three cross-sectional studies45 50 52 found significant differences45 50 (p<0.05) or large effect sizes52 (Cohen’s d=1.0) in HCT between transwomen after 6 months of GAHT and hormone-naive transwomen, and HCT decreases of 7.4%–10.9%.”
Cites
Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones.
Weiner, C. P., Lizasoaín, I., Baylis, S. A., Knowles, R. G., Charles, I. G., & Moncada, S. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons:An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Hembree, W. C., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., de Waal, H. A. D., Gooren, L. J., Meyer, W. J., Spack, N. P., Tangpricha, V., & Montori, V. M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0345 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Androgens and Cardiovascular Disease
Liu, P. Y., Death, A. K., & Handelsman, D. J. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2003-0005 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones
Asscheman, H., Giltay, E. J., Megens, J. A. J., de Ronde, W., van Trotsenburg, M. A. A., & Gooren, L. J. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-1038 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Long-Term Treatment of Transsexuals with Cross-Sex Hormones: Extensive Personal Experience
Gooren, L. J., Giltay, E. J., & Bunck, M. C. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1809 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Mortality associated with hormone replacement therapy in younger and older women
Salpeter, S. R., Walsh, J. M. E., Greyber, E., Ormiston, T. M., & Salpeter, E. E. (2004) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.30281.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Long-Term Estrogen Therapy Improves Vascular Function in Male to Female Transsexuals
New, G., Timmins, K. L., Duffy, S. J., Tran, B. T., O’Brien, R. C., Harper, R. W., & Meredith, I. T. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00080-6 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Matsui, Y., Kario, K., Ishikawa, J., EGUCHI, K., Hoshide, S., & Shimada, K. (2004) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.27.851 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Endocrine Treatment of Male-to-Female Transsexuals Using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist
Dittrich, R., Binder, H., Cupisti, S., Hoffmann, I., Beckmann, M., & Mueller, A. (2005) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2005-865900 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Mueller, A., Zollver, H., Kronawitter, D., Oppelt, P. G., Claassen, T., Hoffmann, I., Beckmann, M. W., & Dittrich, R. (2010) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1255074 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Differential blood flow in uterine, ophthalmic, and brachial arteries of preeclamptic women*1
TAKATA, M. (2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02244-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Serum Uric Acid as a New Player in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Hovind, P. H., Rossing, P. R., Johnson, R. J., et al. (2011) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2010.10.024 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Increased arterial stiffness in female‐to‐male transsexuals treated with androgen
Emi, Y., Adachi, M., Sasaki, A., Nakamura, Y., & Nakatsuka, M. (2008) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00857.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of high dose oestrogen therapy on circulating inflammatory markers
Wilson, R., Spiers, A., Ewan, J., Johnson, P., Jenkins, C., & Carr, S. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.01.009 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The impact of long-term testosterone replacement therapy on lipid and lipoprotein profiles in women
Goh, H. H., Loke, D. F. M., & Ratnam, S. S. (1995) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/0378-5122(94)00861-z · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Nakatsuka, M., Asagiri, K., Noguchi, S., et al. (2000) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00716-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationChekir, C., Nakatsuka, M., Kamada, Y., Noguchi, S., Sasaki, A., & Hiramatsu, Y. (2005) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00678.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationGüngör, F., Kalelioğlu, İ., & Turfanda, A. (2008) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319708318377 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Increased arterial stiffness in mildly‐hypertensive women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Sasaki, A., Emi, Y., 松田, 美., Sharula, Kamada, Y., Chekir, C., Hiramatsu, Y., & Nakatsuka, M. (2011) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01375.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationEstrogen and progestogen therapy in postmenopausal women
(2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.091 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
New, G., Berry, K. L., Cameron, J. D., Harper, R. W., & Meredith, I. T. (2000) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/00019501-200005000-00008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tannen, R. L., Weiner, M. G., Xie, D., et al. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.031 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Bunck, M. C. M., Giltay, E. J., Diamant, M., Gooren, L. J., & Teerlink, T. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.020 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The effect of oestrogen on cytokine and antioxidant levels in male to female transsexual patients
Wilson, R., Jenkins, C., Miller, H., & Carr, S. (2006) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.01.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Estrogenic Burden on Vascular Risk in Male-to-Female Transsexuals
Lioudaki, E., Ganotakis, E. S., Mikhailidis, D. P., et al. (2010) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161210794455049 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Endocrine treatment of transsexuals: assessment of cardiovascular risk factors
Nakatsuka, M. (2010) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.10.18 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Harper, J., O'Donnell, E., Sorouri Khorashad, B., McDermott, H., & Witcomb, G. L. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-103106 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sharula, Chekir, C., Emi, Y., Arai, F., Kikuchi, Y., Sasaki, A., Matsuda, M., Shimizu, K., Tabuchi, K., Kamada, Y., Hiramatsu, Y., & Nakatsuka, M.
- Affiliations
- Okayama University Hospital (JP)
- Okayama University (JP)
- National Center For Child Health and Development (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nakatsuka, Mikiya
- Venue
- Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-09
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 932-940
- ISSN
- 1341-8076 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0756
- OpenAlex
- W1914173082
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23390390)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- arterial stiffness, male-to-female transsexuals, gender-affirming hormone therapy, estrogen, progestins, pulse wave velocity, carotid augmentation index, applanation tonometry, lipid metabolism, vascular function
- MeSH terms
- 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate, Administration, Oral, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Implants, Drug Therapy, Combination, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Estrogens, Female, Humans, Hydroxyprogesterones, Japan, Male, Medroxyprogesterone, Middle Aged, Progestins, Transsexualism, Vascular Diseases, Vascular Stiffness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
