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From prediction error to incentive salience: mesolimbic computation of reward motivation.
Open accessAbstract
Reward contains separable psychological components of learning, incentive motivation and pleasure. Most computational models have focused only on the learning component of reward, but the motivational component is equally important in reward circuitry, and even more directly controls behavior. Modeling the motivational component requires recognition of additional control factors besides learning. Here I discuss how mesocorticolimbic mechanisms generate the motivation component of incentive salience. Incentive salience takes Pavlovian learning and memory as one input and as an equally important input takes neurobiological state factors (e.g. drug states, appetite states, satiety states) that can vary independently of learning. Neurobiological state changes can produce unlearned fluctuations or even reversals in the ability of a previously learned reward cue to trigger motivation. Such fluctuations in cue-triggered motivation can dramatically depart from all previously learned values about the associated reward outcome. Thus, one consequence of the difference between incentive salience and learning can be to decouple cue-triggered motivation of the moment from previously learned values of how good the associated reward has been in the past. Another consequence can be to produce irrationally strong motivation urges that are not justified by any memories of previous reward values (and without distorting associative predictions of future reward value). Such irrationally strong motivation may be especially problematic in addiction. To understand these phenomena, future models of mesocorticolimbic reward function should address the neurobiological state factors that participate to control generation of incentive salience.
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“All these observations indicate that the role of physiological ‘drive states’ is really to amplify the incentive value of their relevant incentive targets, and magnify their reward properties, rather than act as independent drives (Toates, 1986; Berridge, 2012).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Berridge, 2012
In the citing paper
“By contrast, incentive salience has distinct signature features: often being cue-triggered as a temporary peak of desire to obtain or consume an associated reward (Berridge, 2001, 2012).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Berridge, 2012
In the citing paper
“Reward cues alone are relatively powerless at producing motivation without an appropriate brain state. It’s the brain’s reaction to a cue that matters for ‘wanting’ motivation via incentive salience (Berridge, 2012; Dayan and Berridge, 2014).”
From Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation (2018) · cites this paper as Berridge, 2012
In the citing paper
“Stress, similar to drugs of abuse, may also induce neurological changes that enhance dopaminergic activity and the attribution of incentive value to rewards and their cues (Berridge, 2012; T. E. Robinson, Angus, & Becker, 1985; Yap et al., 2015).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Berridge, 2012
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Berridge, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berridge, Kent C.
- ORCID
- Berridge, Kent C.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1124-1143
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC3325516
- OpenAlex
- W2171592792
- Cited by
- 700
- References
- 175
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-63649, R01MH063649)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017752, DA-017752, DA015188, R01DA015188)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- incentive salience, reward motivation, mesolimbic system, mesocorticolimbic circuitry, Pavlovian learning, satiety, appetite, addiction, reward prediction error
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Forecasting, Humans, Learning, Limbic System, Models, Neurological, Motivation, Reward
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