The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection
Abstract
Human impacts on the natural environment have reached such proportions that in addition to an ‘extinction crisis’, we now also face a broader ‘biome crisis’. Here we identify the world's terrestrial biomes and, at a finer spatial scale, ecoregions in which biodiversity and ecological function are at greatest risk because of extensive habitat conversion and limited habitat protection. Habitat conversion exceeds habitat protection by a ratio of 8 : 1 in temperate grasslands and Mediterranean biomes, and 10 : 1 in more than 140 ecoregions. These regions include some of the most biologically distinctive, species rich ecosystems on Earth, as well as the last home of many threatened and endangered species. Confronting the biome crisis requires a concerted and comprehensive response aimed at protecting not only species, but the variety of landscapes, ecological interactions, and evolutionary pressures that sustain biodiversity, generate ecosystem services, and evolve new species in the future.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., & Kent, J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35002501 · Cited by 31,710
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387253a0 · Cited by 22,585
Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., et al. (2001) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:teotwa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 8,488
Self-citationEffectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity
Rodrigues, A. S. L., Andelman, S. J., Bakarr, M. I., Boitani, L., Brooks, T. M., Cowling, R. M., Fishpool, L. D. C., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Gaston, K. J., Hoffmann, M., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02422 · Cited by 1,525
Research works printed but not linked: 29
- Bazzaz F.A., 1996, Plants in Changing Environments
- Birdlife International, Conservation International, Greenpeace, The Nature Conservancy, Wildlife Conservation Society, WWF, World Resources Institute, 2003, Joint NGO Statement and Joint NGO Pledge to Support Implementation of a Strong Programme of Work on Protected Areas Under the Biodiversity Convention
- 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00098-8 · DOI
- Chape S., 2003, 2003 United Nations List of Protected Areas
- Commonwealth of Australia, 1999, Australian Guidelines for Establishing the National Reserve System
- COP‐7, 2004, Decisions Adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its Seventh Meeting
- Daily G.C., 1997, Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems
- DeFries R.S., 1999, Continuous Field of Vegetation Characteristics at the Global Scale at 1‐k Resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 911, 10.1029/1999JD900057 · DOI · Paper page
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability (ECJRC), 2002, GLC 2000: Global Land Cover Mapping for the Year 2000
- FAO, 2003, State of the World's Forests
- 10.1038/418362a · DOI
- Groves C.R., 2003, Defining a Conservation Blueprint
- 10.1007/BF00137781 · DOI · Paper page
- IUCN, 1994, Guidelines for Protected Areas Management Categories
- IUCN, 2001, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria
- IUCN, 2003, 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- IUCN World Parks Congress, 2003, The Durban Accord
- 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00255.x · DOI
- 10.1511/2003.4.344 · doi:10.1511/2003.4.344 · Paper page
- 10.1038/35012251 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1073/pnas.091092498 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.012003502.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00134.x · DOI · Paper page
- USGS, 2000, National Land Cover Data 1992 (NLCD 92)
- Vogelmann J.E., 2001, Completion of the 1990s National Land Cover Data Set for the Conterminous United States from Landsat Thematic Mapper Data and Ancillary Data Sources, Photogrammetric Eng. Remote Sensing, 67, 650
- WDPA Consortium, 2004, 2004 World Database on Protected Areas
- White R.P., 2000, Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Grassland Ecosystems
- Wilson E.O., 1991, The Diversity of Life
- World Bank, 2001, Ecosystems Map of Central America
Cited by
Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas
Spalding, M. D., Fox, H. E., Allen, G. R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z. A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B. S., Jorge, M. A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S. A., et al. (2007) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/b570707 · Cited by 4,084
An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm
Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N. D., Wikramanayake, E., Hahn, N., Palminteri, S., Hedao, P., Noss, R., et al. (2017) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014 · Cited by 2,460
Global Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
Brooks, T. M., Mittermeier, R. A., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Gerlach, J., Hoffmann, M., Lamoreux, J. F., Mittermeier, C. G., Pilgrim, J. D., & Rodrigues, A. S. L. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127609 · Cited by 2,396
Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security
Bommarco, R., Kleijn, D., & Potts, S. G. (2013) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.012 · Cited by 1,862
Recent land use change in the Western Corn Belt threatens grasslands and wetlands
Wright, C. K., & Wimberly, M. C. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1215404110 · Cited by 860
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoekstra, J. M., Boucher, T. M., Ricketts, T. H., & Roberts, C.
- Venue
- Ecology Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-12-03
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-29
- ISSN
- 1461-023X (ISSN-L)
- 1461-0248
- OpenAlex
- W2145340043
- Cited by
- 1,830
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 20.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00686.x
- The paper
- Hoekstra, J. M., Boucher, T. M., Ricketts, T. H., & Roberts, C. (2005). Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00686.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
