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“Yes, I Can, I Feel Good, and I Just Do It!” On Gain Cycles and Spirals of Efficacy Beliefs, Affect, and Engagement

Open access
Salanova, Marisa, Llorens, Susana, Schaufeli, Wilmar B.·2011·Applied Psychology

Abstract

Taking Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory as our starting point, we tested how efficacy beliefs (self‐efficacy and perceived collective efficacy) reciprocally influence activity engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption) indirectly through their impact on positive affect (enthusiasm, satisfaction, and comfort) over time. We conducted two longitudinal studies using independent samples. Study 1 is a two‐wave longitudinal field study that examines gain cycles regarding the dynamic relationships among self‐efficacy, positive affect, and work engagement in 274 secondary school teachers. Study 2 is a three‐wave longitudinal laboratory study about gain spirals in the dynamic relationships among collective efficacy beliefs, positive affect, and task engagement in 100 university students working in groups. Our findings show that: (1) efficacy beliefs reciprocally influence activity engagement indirectly through their impact on positive affect over time; (2) enthusiasm is the positive affect with the strongest effect on activity engagement; and (3) a gain spiral exists whereby efficacy beliefs increase over time due to engagement and positive affect (most notably enthusiasm). Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications in terms of Social Cognitive Theory.

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Metadata

Authors
Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B.
Venue
Applied Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-03
Volume
60
Issue
2
Pages
255-285
ISSN
  • 0269-994X (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-0597
OpenAlex
W2121507145
Cited by
444
References
53
FWCI
23.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: “Yes, I Can, I Feel Good, and I Just Do It!” On Gain Cycles and Spirals of Efficacy Beliefs, Affect, and Engagement. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00435.x
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Salanova, M., Llorens, S., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2011). “Yes, I Can, I Feel Good, and I Just Do It!” On Gain Cycles and Spirals of Efficacy Beliefs, Affect, and Engagement. Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2010.00435.x

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