Patients on injectable diacetylmorphine maintenance have low bone mass: Low BMD in diacetylmorphine patients
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Introduction and aims Risk factors for osteoporosis are prevalent in chronic heroin users who often start using opiates in their late teens. This study was the first to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in relatively young heroin-dependent patients on injectable heroin maintenance. Design and methods Using cross-sectional design, BMD was assessed in a convenience sample of 19 patients (mean age ± SD = 33.9 ± 5.4; 13 men) prescribed injectable diacetylmorphine for heroin dependence. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Substance use and menstrual history, psychopathology and risk factors for low BMD were assessed by questionnaire-based interviews. Results According to World Health Organisation criteria almost three-quarters (74%) of the sample had osteopenia (n = 11) or osteoporosis (n = 3) at one or more sites of measurement. All patients showed multiple risk factors for bone loss, with pack-years of tobacco use and years of heroin use reaching marginally significant associations with spine Z-scores. Moreover, BMD Z-scores correlated significantly negatively with increasing age at all sites, indicating that the older the patient, the greater the BMD deviation from an age-controlled population. Discussion and conclusions Prolonged heroin dependence appears to be associated with lower-than-normal bone mass already at early age and these individuals might be at greater risk for fracture with advancing age. The negative co…
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It is possible that altered hormones associated with heroin addiction contribute to abnormal weight changes and/or decreased bone mass.
“It is possible that altered hormones associated with heroin addiction contribute to abnormal weight changes (157) and/or decreased bone mass (158).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- DÜRSTELER-MACFARLAND, K. M., KOWALEWSKI, R., BLOCH, N., WIESBECK, G. A., KRAENZLIN, M. E., & STOHLER, R.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- University of Basel (CH)
- University Hospital of Basel (CH)
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Review
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-09-16
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 577-582
- ISSN
- 0959-5236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1764597401
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- heroin addiction, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone loss risk factors, tobacco use, fracture risk, opioid maintenance treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Heroin, Female, Femur, Heroin Dependence, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Narcotics, Osteoporosis, Radiography, Bone Density
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