The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroticism, Somatic Complaints, and Disease: Is the Bark Worse than the Bite?
Abstract
ABSTRACT Perhaps because negative emotions are frequently expressed in physiological reactions, psychosomatic theories have often identified Neuroticism and its component traits (including anxiety, anger, and depression) as causal influences on the development of disease These views are apparently supported by correlations between physical symptom reports and measures of Neuroticism in males Data from 347 adult women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging replicate this finding for total physical complaints and for most body systems However, analyses of mortality in the literature and in the present article show no influence of Neuroticism, suggesting that symptom reporting may be biased by Neuroticism‐related styles of perceiving and reporting physiological experiences Researchers in this area are urged to employ objective measures of medical status, and to be alert to possible biases of self‐selection and selective perception in interpreting associations between Neuroticism and disease
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another study reported no association between elevated Neuroticism and increased all-cause mortality risk in a female community sample [118].”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“Neuroticism gives rise to medically unfounded symptom complaints and somatic sensitivity [118, 121], which may protect an individual from premature mortality even though it risks burdening health care providers and the health care system.”
From Personality and Longevity: Knowns, Unknowns, and Implications for Public Health and Personalized Medicine (2011) · cites this paper as [118]
Citations
Cites
Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 · Cited by 6,404
Self-citationNegative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465 · Cited by 4,636
Review of personality and social psychology
Wheeler, L. S., & Shaver, P. R. (1980) · UMI Books on Demand · Cited by 3,593
A personality scale of manifest anxiety
Taylor, J. A. (1953) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056264 · Cited by 3,131
Norman, W. T. (1963) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040291 · Cited by 2,619
Lottery winners and accident victims: is happiness relative?
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.917 · Cited by 2,225
Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff‐Bulman, R. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.8.917 · Cited by 1,707
Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men.
Karasek, R. A., Baker, D. B., Marxer, F., Ahlbom, A., & Theorell, T. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.7.694 · Cited by 1,605
DEPRESSED LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION AFTER BEREAVEMENT
Bartrop, R. W., Lazarus, L., Luckhurst, E., Kiloh, L. G., & Penny, R. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92780-5 · Cited by 931
Hostility, CHD Incidence, and Total Mortality: A 25-Year Follow-Up Study of 255 Physicians
Barefoot, J. C., Dahlstrom, G. W., & Williams, R. B. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198303000-00008 · Cited by 866
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Brodman K, 1960, The Cornell Medical Index‐health questionnaire manual
- Cattell R B, 1970, The handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
- Conley J J, 1985, Perspectives in personality, 81
- Costa P T, 1985, The NEO Personality Inventory manual
- Council condemns journal editorial, 1985, APA Monitor, 16, 6
- Eysenck H J, 1964, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory
- Eysenck H J, 1975, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
- Siegel J M, 1985, Measuring psychosocial variables in epideuological studies of cardiovascular disease, 315
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,000
Herlickson, A. M. (2009) · UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota) · Cited by 3
Bauermeister, S., & Gallacher, J. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.23234/v1 · Cited by 3
Denollet, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1588 · Cited by 3
Brandebo, M. F. (2015) · Cited by 2
Narrative Identity in the Social World
McLean, K. C., Syed, M., Haraldsson, K. G., & Lowe, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.035 · Cited by 2
Lynam, D. R., Vize, C. E., & Miller, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.043 · Cited by 2
Jayawickreme, E., & Zachry, C. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.032 · Cited by 2
Using heterogeneity in disease to understand the relationship between health and personality
James, R. J. E., Walsh, D. A., & Ferguson, E. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1903057 · Cited by 2
The trait concept and personality theory
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812736.003 · Cited by 4
Morales-Vives, F., Ferrando, P. J., Vigil‐Colet, A., & Hernández-Dorado, A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13277 · Cited by 2
Personality Traits and Financial Management Behavior of University Students
Obenza, B. N., Torrefranca, J. P., Amarilla, J. D., Pandamon, J., Encarnacion, S., Getalado, G., & Azis, A. H. (2024) · International Journal of Business and Applied Economics · doi:10.55927/ijbae.v3i1.7309 · Cited by 11
Ji, X., Fang, X., Leung, P. W. L., & Liu, J. (2025) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-025-00979-3 · Cited by 2
Determinants of tinnitus’ impact in Quality of Life in an outpatient clinic protocol.
Roggerone, N. V. M. (2010) · Cited by 2
Irritable bowel syndrome: Personality and health behaviours: A biopsychosocial approach
Stanley, J., Stuart, A. D., & Pretorius, G. (1999) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v4i1.5 · Cited by 2
Black South Africans and Canadians on Neuroticism as a Dimension of Personality
Mwamwenda, T. S. (1992) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.332 · Cited by 2
Monden, C. W. S., & Kraaykamp, G. (2005) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-8427-6 · Cited by 2
Chen, J.-W., Lu, L., & Hsu, Y.-Y. (2012) · Cited by 2
Personality, performance and information-processing
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812736.014 · Cited by 2
Hostility and quality of life among Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study
Moncrieft, A. E., Llabre, M. M., Gallo, L. C., Cai, J., Gonzalez, F., González, P., Ostrovsky, N. W., Schneiderman, N., & Penedo, F. J. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1208820 · Cited by 2
Zur Tonsillektomieh�ufung bei jungen Frauen
Spicker, E., & Schultz-Coulon, H.-J. (2004) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-003-0880-4 · Cited by 2
Personalidad, afrontamiento y calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular
Lázaro, E. V., & Laffond, B. R. (2013) · Cited by 2
The Bright Side of Body Sensations
Köteles, F. G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63201-4_10 · Cited by 2
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.020 · Cited by 4
The trait concept and personality theory
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812743.004 · Cited by 3
Maas, H., & Spinath, F. M. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149/a000071 · Cited by 2
Temperament, childhood illness burden, and illness behavior in early adulthood.
Sisco-Taylor, B. L., Corley, R. P., Stallings, M. C., Wadsworth, S. J., & Reynolds, C. A. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000759 · Cited by 2
Models of Physical Health and Personality
Heilmayr, D., & Friedman, H. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.019 · Cited by 2
Lin, R.-H., Huang, Y., Chang, N.-W., Wu, S., & Ke, Y.-C. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13137136 · Cited by 2
OECD (2013) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264191655-3-en · Cited by 2
Efforts to Reduce Heterogeneity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
Christodoulou, C., DeLuca, J., Johnson, S. K., Lange, G., & Natelson, B. H. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5953-5_4 · Cited by 2
Anxiety, depression, and anger in the borderland of chronic pain
Knaster, P. (2015) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
Cancer Patients’ Morbidity (II): Anemia-related Quality of Life in Relation to Personality
Shigehisa, T., & Honda, H. (2006) · Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy · doi:10.4993/acrt.14.39 · Cited by 2
The effect of selectors’ neuroticism on job application outcomes
Ünsal, P., & Çalışkur, A. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.01.001 · Cited by 2
THE STABILITY OF SYMPTOM MEASURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR STRESS RESEARCH
Cheng, S., & Hamid, R. N. (1998) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.1998.26.3.245 · Cited by 2
A Functional Theory of Psychogenic Illness
Hyland, M. E. (1993) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354393031004 · Cited by 2
Extending interpersonal problems to include the "big five" personality dimensions
Pincus, A. L. (2008) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0086607 · Cited by 2
Smith, T. W. (2003) · Handbook of Psychology · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0210 · Cited by 2
Neurotic Anger, Subcategory of Anger
Gidron, Y. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1462 · Cited by 2
Smyth, J. M., & Zawadzki, M. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397045-9.00148-8 · Cited by 2
Environmental influences on neuroticism in adulthood: A systematic reviewPreprint
Riese, H., Riese, H., & Ormel, J. (2018) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/73rza · Cited by 2
Vascular Disease and Depression
Lyness, J. M., & Caine, E. D. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47178-7_3 · Cited by 2
3. La personnalité comme facteur de vulnérabilité
Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., & Boujut, É. (2021) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.bruch.2021.01.0195 · Cited by 1
Hassani, S., Shahboulaghi, F. M., Foroughan, M., Tabarsi, P., Harouni, G. G., Jamaati, H., Varahram, M., Seyedmehdi, S. M., Alizadeh, N., & Nadji, S. A. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23727-8 · Cited by 2
Wagenblast, F., Seibt, R., Rieger, M. A., & Steinhilber, B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28090-7 · Cited by 1
Eichhorn, H., Leydecker, L. E., Brand, S., & Jungmann, S. M. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03705-w · Cited by 1
Dismantling an ACT-Based Intervention for Work Stress: Do Values Really Matter?
Hermann, B. A. (2008) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) · Cited by 1
Hernández, F. R. G. (1997) · Anales de Psicología · Cited by 1
Cancer and Psychosocial Traits, Continued-Reply
Costa, P. T. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440040052015 · Cited by 1
Self-citationLa personnalité comme facteur de vulnérabilité
Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., & Boujut, É. (2014) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.bruch.2014.01.0195 · Cited by 1
Cha, J., & 이동혁 (2013) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.14.4.201308.2085 · Cited by 1
Applications of personality assessment
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812736.015 · Cited by 1
SPORDA SOSYAL BÜTÜNLEŞME DÜZEYİ İLE KİŞİLİK TİPLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER VE ETKİLEŞİMLER
Polat, E., Akoğlu, H. E., & Üzüm, H. (2019) · Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33689/spormetre.633004 · Cited by 1
Kok, A. A. L., Huisman, M. A., Cooper, R., Cosco, T. D., Deeg, D. J. H., Kuh, D. J., & Stafford, M. (2019) · Longitudinal and Life Course Studies · doi:10.1332/175795919x15717233852148 · Cited by 1
Aportes de la medición del Neuroticismo en los ámbitos clínico y de la salud
Menéndez, J. A., Attorresi, H. F., & Abal, F. J. P. (2020) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires) · Cited by 1
Neuroticism and Academic Achievement Motivation in Adolescent
Chhansiya, B. M., & Jogsan, Y. A. (2015) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0204.025 · Cited by 1
Wagenblast, F., Seibt, R., Läubli, T., Rieger, M. A., & Steinhilber, B. (2021) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000289 · Cited by 1
Sallis, H., Smith, G. D., & Munafo, M. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.024 · Cited by 1
Phillips, M. M., Cornell, C. E., Raczynski, J. M., & Gilliland, M. J. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4789-1_5 · Cited by 1
Self-Regulation and Control in Personality Functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.029 · Cited by 1
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia
Zinbarg, R. E., Williams, A. L., Kramer, A. M., & Schmidt, M. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197542521.003.0007 · Cited by 3
Farchione, T. J., Spencer-Laitt, D., Sauer-Zavala, S. E., & Barlow, D. H. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197564295.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Deri̇n, S., & Şahin, E. S. (2023) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.v16i3.2463 · Cited by 1
Personality vulnerabilities and adverse event reporting in phase 1 clinical studies
Skommer, J., Gunesh, K., & Polasek, T. M. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-024-08321-4 · Cited by 1
Wang, L., Huang, Z., Zhao, Q., Dong, L., Zhao, H., Zhu, X., Gong, L., & Liu, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39040 · Cited by 1
(In)effectiveness of Frame‐Inducing Rating Instructions in State‐Trait Research
Lance, C. E., & Griggs, T. L. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70021 · Cited by 1
do Carmo, L. G., de Carvalho, M. B., Michelotto, P. V., & Daros, R. R. (2025) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106813 · Cited by 1
Torres, X. (2017) · Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor · doi:10.20986/resed.2017.3607/2017 · Cited by 3
Models of Stress and Methodological Considerations in Behavioral Medicine
Gidron, Y. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18893-1_1 · Cited by 1
Personality in Nonhuman Animals
Bell, A. M., & Bensky, M. K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.023 · Cited by 1
Weiß, A., & Deary, I. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.005 · Cited by 2
Feeling Physical Pain While Depressed: The Effect of Alexithymia
Smirni, D., Beadle, J. N., & Paradiso, S. (2020) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/acp.0009 · Cited by 1
Personality and the Unconscious
Perugini, M., Richetin, J., & Costantini, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.008 · Cited by 2
Putting Everything Together: Integrated Models and Pathological Aspects of Symptom Perception
Köteles, F. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63201-4_7 · Cited by 1
Illustrative examples of subjective well‑being measures
OECD (2013) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264191655-9-en · Cited by 2
Seasonal variation in adaptation to shiftwork
McLaughlin, C. (2005) · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · Cited by 1
Negative affectivity influences report of work-related symptoms.
Watten, R. G., & Batt, B. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Restrepo, J. E. (2013) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.124205 · Cited by 1
Personality and adherence to medication treatment
Axelsson, M. (2011) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 1
Families and Health: An Attachment Perspective
Rosenberg, T., & Watson, W. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444310238.ch37 · Cited by 1
effect on the Brief Symptom Inventory test-item endorsements of spinal cord injury patients
Tate, D. G., Heinrich, R. K., Maynard, F., Buckelew, S. P., & Rusk, H. A. (1994) · Cited by 1
Whiplash injury : a clinical, radiographic and psychological investigation
Pettersson, K. (1996) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
Psychological distress as a predictor of coronary heart disease
Nicholson, A. (2003) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 1
Childhood Sexual Abuse, Personality, and Risk Recognition
Harms, E. M. (2019) · doi:10.30707/etd2019.harms.e · Cited by 1
Couple‐Based Interventions for the Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Wittenborn, A. K., Baucom, B., Leifker, F. R., & Lachmar, E. M. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119790945.ch9 · Cited by 1
Shaffer, K. M. (2013) · Cited by 1
Pinto, L. M. F. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/12rt-c462 · Cited by 1
Rolland, J. (2004) · Mardaga eBooks · doi:10.3917/mard.rolla.2004.01.0219 · Cited by 1
Couple‐Based Interventions for the Treatment of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Wittenborn, A. K., Baucom, B., Leifker, F. R., & Lachmar, E. M. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119438519.ch68 · Cited by 1
Corr, P. J., & Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.001 · Cited by 1
Addendum: Statistical Analyses and Computer Programming in Personality
Corr, P. J., & Matthews, G. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.045 · Cited by 1
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812736.002 · Cited by 1
Neuroticism and stress in older adults: The buffering role of self-esteem
Amestoy, M. E., D’Amico, D., & Fiocco, A. J. (2024) · doi:10.32920/25569705 · Cited by 1
Affectivity, quality of life and health resources utilization in arthritis
Torrecillas, I. V. (2003) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1
The impact of neuroticism on an individual's intelligence scores: a cross cultural study
المدني, خ. م. (2010) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 1
Reme, S. E. (2010) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Kitic, G. (2013) · University of Vienna · doi:10.25365/thesis.26600
Psychological Hardiness and Biochemical Markers of Acute Stress
McCoy, P. K. (2003) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e351312004-001
Supplement use, vitamin C intake and breast cancer risk in UK women
Hutchinson, J. (2011) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Metadata
- Authors
- Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Costa, Paul T.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1987-06
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 299-316
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W1971486551
- Cited by
- 1,010
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 11.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- neuroticism, somatic symptoms, psychosomatic disorders, mortality, women, self-report bias, selective perception, personality traits, anxiety, depression, anger, aging
- MeSH terms
- Attitude to Health, Humans, Neurotic Disorders, Personality Tests, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk, Somatoform Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review