The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Distress and Restraint as Superordinate Dimensions of Self‐Reported Adjustment: A Typological Perspective
Abstract
ABSTRACT Individual differences in distress and restraint have recently been validated as two superordinate dimensions of social‐emotional adjustment (Weinberger, 1989) In two samples (N1= 139, N2= 136) of university students, scores on these dimensions were jointly used to define six higher order personality styles reactive, sensitized, oversocialized, undersocialized, self‐assured, and repressive To evaluate this typology, group differences were investigated on 28 measures within seven domains related to adjustment self‐expression, emotional control, proneness to personality disorders, physical illness, self‐concept, neurotic symptoms, and impulse gratification One‐way multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant group differences within each domain Univariate analyses revealed significant differences on 26 of the 28 measures and marginally significant differences on the remaining 2 A large number of nonadditive patterns consistent with a priori group descriptions corroborated the utility of a person‐centered, typological approach The data also provided an empirically derived, prototypic description of each adjustment style
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136319 · Cited by 7,791
Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 · Cited by 6,404
A personality scale of manifest anxiety
Taylor, J. A. (1953) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056264 · Cited by 3,131
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,652
Resilience in the Face of Catastrophe: Optimism, Personality, and Coping in the Kosovo Crisis
Riolli, L., Savicki, V., & Cepani, A. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02765.x · Cited by 2,166
Weinberger, D. A., Schwartz, G. E., & Davidson, R. J. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.4.369 · Cited by 1,083
Self-citation
Cited by
Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia
Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760802303044 · Cited by 1,027
Paulhus, D. L., & John, O. P. (1998) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00041 · Cited by 853
Regulation, Emotionality, and Preschoolers' Socially Competent Peer Interactions
Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., Jones, S., Smith, M., Guthrie, I., Poulin, R., Shepard, S., & Friedman, J. (1999) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00031 · Cited by 301
Zych, I., Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2019) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838016683456 · Cited by 248
Coifman, K. G., Bonanno, G. A., Ray, R. D., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.745 · Cited by 222
Metadata
- Authors
- Weinberger, D. A., & Schwartz, G. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 381-417
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W2016028622
- Cited by
- 647
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Distress and Restraint as Superordinate Dimensions of Self‐Reported Adjustment: A Typological Perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x
- The paper
- Weinberger, D. A., & Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Distress and Restraint as Superordinate Dimensions of Self‐Reported Adjustment: A Typological Perspective. Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00235.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.