The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulating Positive and Negative Emotions in Daily Life
Abstract
The present study examined how people regulate their emotions in daily life and how such regulation is related to their daily affective experience and psychological adjustment. Each day for an average of 3 weeks, participants described how they had regulated their emotions in terms of the reappraisal and suppression (inhibiting the expression) of positive and negative emotions, and they described their emotional experience, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment in terms of Beck's triadic model of depression. Reappraisal was used more often than suppression, and suppressing positive emotions was used less than the other three strategies. In general, regulation through reappraisal was found to be beneficial, whereas regulation by suppression was not. Reappraisal of positive emotions was associated with increases in positive affect, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment, whereas suppressing positive emotions was associated with decreased positive emotion, self-esteem, and psychological adjustment, and increased negative emotions. Moreover, relationships between reappraisal and psychological adjustment and self-esteem were mediated by experienced positive affect, whereas relationships between suppression of positive emotions and self-esteem adjustment were mediated by negative affect.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“there is evidence that the use of reappraisal strategies is linked to reduced depressive symptoms, whereas the propensity to employ suppression shows opposite effects (e.g., [41,42]).”
From Effects of differential strategies of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 · Cited by 18,025
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences.
Gross, J. J. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577201393198 · Cited by 4,890
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions
Panksepp, J. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195096736.001.0001 · Cited by 4,428
(1998) · Cited by 4,012
Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146 · Cited by 3,325
Depression: Causes and treatment
Beck, A. T. (1973) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(73)80054-1 · Cited by 3,163
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Beck A. T., 1972, Depression: Causes and treatments
- 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218 · DOI · Paper page
- Raudenbush S. W., 2000, HLM6
- 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.67 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 440
Wang, Y., Zuo, J., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Yang, Q., Wu, H. E., Goodman, C., Wang, D., Liu, T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.739068 · Cited by 3
Azevedo, M. S., Ferreira, T. B., Martins, E. C., & Meira, L. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01357-0 · Cited by 3
Sweeney, T. (2016) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) · Cited by 3
The Impact of Emotional Labor on Burnout Over Time : How Emotional Work Impacts Well-Being at Work
Fischer, M. W. (2019) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · Cited by 3
Minihan, S., Songco, A., Fox, E., Ladouceur, C. D., Mewton, L. R., Moulds, M. L., Pfeifer, J. H., van Harmelen, A., & Schweizer, S. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jtsw4 · Cited by 4
Jones, E., Reed, M. O., Meyer, A. H., Gaab, J., & Ooi, Y. P. (2025) · Journal of Global Mobility The Home of Expatriate Management Research · doi:10.1108/jgm-03-2024-0018 · Cited by 2
Sleep dysfunction in social anxiety disorder
Oren‐Yagoda, R., Tene, A., & Aderka, I. M. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12541 · Cited by 2
Gringart, E., Becerra, R., & Smith, A. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10050114 · Cited by 3
Yu, S., & Chen, K. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00557-8 · Cited by 2
It’s just a tiny label… or not? How AI labels can backfire in communication
Berner, M., & Dickel, P. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2026.2697265 · Cited by 2
Liu, Y., Han, Y., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Mo, Q., Li, L., Wang, Y., Fan, J., Yang, Y., Soondrum, T., et al. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02953-8 · Cited by 2
Trajectories of positive affect in autistic individuals during the transition to adulthood
McCauley, J. B., Clarke, E. M., Schiltz, H. K., & Lord, C. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241263902 · Cited by 3
Karababa, A. (2024) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2024.2384721 · Cited by 2
Latent Vector Autoregressive Modeling: A Stepwise Estimation Approach
Rein, M. T., Vermunt, J. K., Roover, K. D., & Vogelsmeier, L. V. D. E. (2024) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705511.2024.2398034 · Cited by 3
Chen, Y., Li, D., Liu, Y., & Yin, H. (2025) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2025.2470854 · Cited by 3
A Literature review on Design for Emotion
Zhu, Z., & Qin, S. (2021) · International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC) · doi:10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594218 · Cited by 2
Yamasaki, K., & Uchida, K. (2016) · International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · Cited by 2
Yamasaki, K., & Uchida, K. (2016) · International Journal of Social Science Studies · doi:10.11114/ijsss.v4i7.1629 · Cited by 2
Fernández‐Álvarez, J., Díaz‐García, A., Robles, A. G., Arbona, C. B., & García‐Palacios, A. (2017) · Àgora de salut · doi:10.6035/agorasalut.2017.4.12 · Cited by 2
Negative and Positive Reappraisal After a Romantic Break-Up
Horner, S., & Langeslag, S. J. E. (2019) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsr.v8i2.820 · Cited by 2
Pilch, I., Baran, L. N., Bolek-Kochanowska, M., Bożek, M., Friedrich, W., Hyla, M., & Sikora, J. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.04.005 · Cited by 2
A SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON ADJUSTMENT TO COLLEGE
Bryan, J. L. (2014) · Cited by 2
Sahdra, B. K., Brockman, R. N., Hayes, S. C., Hofmann, S. G., Kashdan, T. B., & Ciarrochi, J. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/w4u7r · Cited by 2
Dietel, F. A., Möllmann, A., Bürkner, P., Wilhelm, S., & Buhlmann, U. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3hnpu · Cited by 2
Bo, K., Kraynak, T. E., Kwon, M., Sun, M. M. C., Gianaros, P. J., & Wager, T. D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538485 · Cited by 2
Normative feedback, levels of narcissism, and student evaluations of a lecture
Hodges, S. A. (2014) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi) · Cited by 2
Sánchez-López, Á. (2025) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026251338024 · Cited by 3
Faye-Dumanget, C. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c5ecf208z5673z4d0ezae5dzf0faebe5b286 · Cited by 2
Amini, F., Vaziri, S., & Amini, Z. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs-128804 · Cited by 1
MODERN PSİKOLOJİDE VE KLASİK İSLAM DÜŞÜNCESİNDE ÜZÜNTÜ DUYGUSU: KİNDÎ ÖRNEĞİ
YILDIRIM, İ. (2022) · Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD) · doi:10.30627/cuilah.1146464 · Cited by 1
Krauter, J. (2023) · Open Journal of Leadership · doi:10.4236/ojl.2023.123014 · Cited by 6
Hajdu, E., Ertürkan, H., & Desmet, P. (2023) · International Association of Societies of Design Research Congress (IASDR) · doi:10.21606/iasdr.2023.513 · Cited by 1
Tran, C. B., Sezer, B., & van Osch, Y. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2333070 · Cited by 2
Park, B., & Yoo, S. (2024) · Korean Journal of Child Studies · doi:10.5723/kjcs.2024.45.3.263 · Cited by 1
Kashefizadeh, M., Asadbeygi, A., Bougar, M. R., Taher, M., Mazraeh, N., Khodarahimi, S., & Alavi, P. S. (2025) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2025.01.004 · Cited by 1
Basińska, B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Gruszczyńska, E. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2471325 · Cited by 3
Aitken, J. A., Zhu, Z., Baines, J. I., Kim, J., Kaplan, S. A., Dalal, R. S., Hassani, J., & Gibson, J. L. (2025) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-025-00232-3 · Cited by 1
Crafting solitude: an intentional approach to solitude in emerging adults’ everyday life
Adams, M. A., Tovmasyan, A., & Weinstein, N. (2025) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2025.2563539 · Cited by 1
Conley, C. C., Addington, E. L., Velazquez-Sosa, M. A., Mossman, B., Glenn, L. K., Drakeford, S., Guerra, R., Isaacs, C. J., Chitalia, A., Gallagher, C., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/77636 · Cited by 1
Zhou, J., & Zalk, N. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1600531 · Cited by 1
Hao, S., Han, P., & Wang, Q. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-025-10073-x · Cited by 1
Avalos, I. F., & Johnson, P. S. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107804 · Cited by 1
Nguyen, T. H., Chien, C., Truong, T. T. H., & Nguyen, H. T. (2025) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104505 · Cited by 1
Tang, A. X., & Wong, W. I. (2025) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075251403215 · Cited by 1
Wong, T. K. Y., & Zhao, K. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00991-4 · Cited by 1
Larionow, P., Mudło‐Głagolska, K., & Preece, D. A. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08872-y · Cited by 1
Depoorter, J., Hoorelbeke, K., Guillaumée, T., Cortet, M., Lilot, M., Rode, G., Raedt, R. D., & Schlatter, S. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.104979 · Cited by 1
Wang, J., Chai, Y. C., & Yao, Z. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16020263 · Cited by 1
Predicting Positive and Negative Affect Based on Emotion and Thought Regulation Strategies
Măirean, C. (2015) · Cited by 1
Heiy, J. E. (2010) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 1
Emotion change toward multicultural immigrants through emotion regulation
김민영, & 한규은 (2018) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2018.32.3.005 · Cited by 1
Selecting Audio and Visual Stimuli: What Do We Prefer If They Happened Simultaneously?
Ding, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.211220.366 · Cited by 1
Emotional Suppression and its Relationship to Persecutory Thinking
(2017) · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · doi:10.21275/art20178555 · Cited by 1
Diaz-Hernandez, I., Márquez, B. Y., Guerrero, M., & Gallardo, R. B. P. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20319-0_41 · Cited by 1
السلوك الإيجابي والتنظيم الانفعالي بصفتهما منبئين بالرفاهية النفسية لدى طلبة الجامعات الفلسطينية
السعدي, ر. ع., & عساف, م. م. ا. (2023) · Journal of Educational Sciences – Qatar University · doi:10.29117/jes.2023.0128 · Cited by 1
WOMEN, STRESS AND COPING WITH TIKTOK
Karim, H. A., & Kwan, S. G. (2024) · MANU Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa (PPIB) · doi:10.51200/manu.v35i1.5160 · Cited by 1
Iman, M. T., & Shirdel, E. (2017) · Research Information System of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Ardabil University of Medical Sciences) · Cited by 1
Dixius, A., Michael, T., Altpeter, A., Garcia, R. R., & Möhler, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2023.1177342 · Cited by 1
A dynamic system perspective on interpersonal emotion regulation.
Howerter, A. (2011) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1
Sun, S. (2015) · KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas) · Cited by 1
Brockman, R. N. (2017) · Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) · doi:10.26199/5b84de1fbcf82 · Cited by 1
Colombo, D. (2020) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · doi:10.6035/14109.2020.762821 · Cited by 1
Collier, E. A., & Hughes, B. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/c8dwu · Cited by 1
Studying Emotion Regulation with Daily Diaries and Ecological Momentary AssessmentPreprint
Koval, P., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/whqga · Cited by 1
Positive Behavior Support Systems in a Rural West Texas Middle School
Hunt, A. S. (2015) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
The Assessment and Examination of Organizational Stressors in Sport Performers
Arnold, R. (2012) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)
Zijlstra, H. (2008) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
The antecedents and outcomes of emotional ambivalence in rites-of-passage advertising
Pochun, T. (2014) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27582168
Emotional labor, emotional expression, and emotional control in the K--12 classroom
Roberts, K. R. L. (2011) · W. S. Hoole Special Collections Library Manuscript Collections
Barnow, S., Aldinger, M., Ulrich, I., & Stopsack, M. (2013)
TITULACIÓN: GRADO EN PSICOLOGÍA
de Rama, B., & Plaza, J. G. (2013)
Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R., Jiménez, B. M., de Rivas, S., & Lázaro, M. H. (2011)
Harris, M. M. (2014) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Güngör, A. (2016) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
The relation between event processing and the duration of emotional experience
Verduyn, P., Mechelen, I. V., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2010)
System Concept of an Electric Diary for Promoting Self-enhancement of Persons with Dementia
Inoue, T., Takezawa, T., & Rina, I. (2010) · Biomechanisms · doi:10.3951/biomechanisms.20.135
Verzeletti, C., Zammuner, V., Galli, C., & Agnoli, S. (2016)
Apego y rasgos límites de la personalidad: el papel mediador de la regulación emocional
Casado, M. V. (2018) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.137558
The Interplay of Mindfulness and Effortful Control with the Emotional Dynamics of Everyday Life
Castro, S. A. (2018) · Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University)
Utilizing Savoring Strategies in the Elementary Moral Education
추병완 (2019) · KOREAN ELEMENTARY MORAL EDUCATION SOCIETY · doi:10.17282/ethics.2019..63.189
Frye, N. (2018) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/66166
Brunetta, F. (2018) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc007000
Variations on a Theme of Within-Person Variation
Catterson, D. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Bush, A. H. (2019) · EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University)
Otobiyografik Hatırlamanın Duygu Düzenleme İşlevinin İncelenmesi
Öner, S., & Gülgüz, S. (2019) · Türk Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31828/tpd1300443320190718m000022 · Cited by 1
Cano, P. L. C., Alba, D. M., Effinger, R. J., Sánchez, A. M., Reina, S., Barrios, M. T. C., & Berenguer, N. R. (2019) · UMA Editorial eBooks · doi:10.24310/mumaedmumaed.59
Korkmaz, F., & Yener, S. (2019) · Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.17218/hititsosbil.627272
O’Connor, A. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Holland, A. M. (2020) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Ueoka, C., Nakataki, M., Ueoka, Y., Miyazaki, A., Taniguchi, S., & Ohmori, T. (2021) · The Journal of Medical Investigation · doi:10.2152/jmi.68.148
Individual Differences and Ecological Validity of Emotion Regulation in Response to Sadness
Bosma, C. M. (2021) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University)
Zalk, N. V., Lalitharatne, T. D., Tan, Y., & Nanayakkara, T. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/9ukqy
Huysse-Gaytandjieva, A. (2015) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150416ah
Study on the Relationship among Agreeableness, Negative Emotions and Social Stress
谭, 颖. (2020) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2020.93042
Reflections of Emotions on Daily Life: Functionality of Positive Emotions
Kartol, A. (2023) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1172504 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Nezlek, J. B., & Kuppens, P.
- Affiliations
- William & Mary (US)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Nezlek, John B.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04-08
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 561-580
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W1991829817
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 12.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, positive emotions, negative emotions, positive affect, negative affect, self-esteem, psychological adjustment, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Affect, Female, Humans, Individuality, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Life Style, Male, Repression, Psychology, Self Concept, Students, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review