Barriers and paths to market for genetically engineered crops
Abstract
Each year, billions of dollars are invested in efforts to improve crops through genetic engineering (GE). These activities have resulted in a surge of publications and patents on technologies and genes: a momentum in basic research that, unfortunately, is not sustained throughout the subsequent phases of product development. After more than two decades of intensive research, the market for transgenic crops is still dominated by applications of just a handful of methods and genes. This discrepancy between research and development reflects difficulties in understanding and overcoming seven main barriers-to-entry: (1) trait efficacy in the field, (2) critical product concepts, (3) freedom-to-operate, (4) industry support, (5) identity preservation and stewardship, (6) regulatory approval and (7) retail and consumer acceptance. In this review, I describe the various roadblocks to market for transgenic crops and also discuss methods and approaches on how to overcome these, especially in the United States.
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Emphasis on the benefits of GMOs would effectively induce sympathy.
“Although GMOs are at a disadvantage because they are commonly associated 211 with unnaturalness and trigger disgust, emphasis on the benefits would effectively induce 212 sympathy [37,47].”
From Fatal attraction: the intuitive appeal of GMO opposition (2015) · cites this paper as [47]
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Fatal attraction: the intuitive appeal of GMO opposition
Blancke, S., Van Breusegem, F., De Jaeger, G., Braeckman, J., & Van Montagu, M. (2015) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.03.011 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rommens, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Simplot (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rommens, Caius M.
- Venue
- Plant Biotechnology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-111
- ISSN
- 1467-7644 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7652
- OpenAlex
- W2080373228
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plant Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, market barriers, product development, freedom to operate, regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, identity preservation, industry funding, agricultural biotechnology
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Biotechnology, Commerce, Legislation, Food, Public Opinion, United States, Crops, Agricultural, Intellectual Property, Plants, Genetically Modified, Food, Genetically Modified
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