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The expanding burden of cardiometabolic risk in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Open accessAbstract
Summary: China faces a major increase in cardiovascular disease, yet there is limited population‐based data on risk factors, particularly in children. Fasting blood samples, anthropometry and blood pressure were collected on 9,244 children and adults aged ≥7 years in late 2009 as part of the national China Health and Nutrition Survey. Prevalent overweight, elevated blood pressure, and cardiometabolic risk factors: glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C and LDL‐C), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are presented. We found that 11% of Chinese children and 30% of Chinese adults are overweight. Rates of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and inflammation are high and increased with age and were associated with urbanization. Approximately 42% of children have at least one of the following: pre‐diabetes or diabetes, hypertension, high TC, LDL‐C, TG, and CRP and low HDL‐C, as do 70% men and 60% women aged 18–40 years and >90% of men and women ≥60 years. In sum, the HbA1c findings suggest that as many as 27.7 million Chinese children and 334 million Chinese adults may be pre‐diabetic or diabetic. The high prevalence in less urban areas and across all income levels suggests that cardiometabolic risk is pervasive across rural and urban China.
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“This population also bears the mounting health burden of non-communicable disease risk factors,27–29”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yan, S., Li, J., Li, S., Zhang, B., Du, S., Gordon‐Larsen, P., Adair, L., & Popkin, B.
- Affiliations
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CN)
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Popkin, B.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-06-28
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 810-821
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- PMC
- PMC3429648
- OpenAlex
- W1568957685
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 24
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06)
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL108427)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK089306, DK-056350, P30DK056350)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD 38700, R01HD030880, R24 HD-050924, R01HD038700, R01 HD 30880)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease, childhood obesity, overweight prevalence, diabetes prevalence, prediabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, C-reactive protein, inflammation, urbanization, China Health and Nutrition Survey, China, lipid profile, HbA1c
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, China, Female, Health Surveys, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult
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