The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ethnic Diversity and Perceptions of Safety in Urban Middle Schools
Abstract
Students' perceptions of their safety and vulnerability were investigated in 11 public middle schools (more than 70 sixth-grade classrooms) that varied in ethnic diversity. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicate that higher classroom diversity is associated with feelings of safety and social satisfaction. African American (n = 511) and Latino (n = 910) students felt safer in school, were less harassed by peers, felt less lonely, and had higher self-worth the more ethnically diverse their classrooms were, even when controlling for classroom differences in academic engagement. Results at the school level were similar to those at the classroom level; higher ethnic diversity was associated with lower levels of self-reported vulnerability (but no difference in self-worth) in both fall and spring of sixth grade. In the spirit of Brown v. Board of Education, the current findings offer new empirical evidence for the psychological benefits of multiethnic schools.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,724
SIMPSON, E. H. (1949) · Nature · doi:10.1038/163688a0 · Cited by 14,164
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
Davidian, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2003.s288 · Cited by 13,723
Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-1080 · Cited by 4,765
Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.
Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.608 · Cited by 3,426
Handbook of research on multicultural education
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-6667 · Cited by 2,613
Race, School Integration, and Friendship Segregation in America
Moody, J. (2001) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/338954 · Cited by 1,342
Children's loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status.
Asher, S. R., & Wheeler, V. A. (1985) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.53.4.500 · Cited by 841
Handbook of research on multicultural education
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-5983 · Cited by 708
Self-blame and peer victimization in middle school: An attributional analysis.
Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (1998) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.34.3.587 · Cited by 578
Self-citation
Cited by
Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00725.x · Cited by 1,629
Bullying in schools: the state of knowledge and effective interventions
Menesini, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2017) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1279740 · Cited by 804
Development of Achievement Motivation and Engagement
Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. S., Fredricks, J. A., Simpkins, S., Roeser, R. W., & Schiefele, U. (2015) · Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy316 · Cited by 646
Seaton, E. K., & Yip, T. (2009) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9356-x · Cited by 219
School diversity and racial discrimination among African-American adolescents.
Seaton, E. K., & Douglass, S. (2014) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035322 · Cited by 152
Metadata
- Authors
- Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 393-400
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2107344360
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 11.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ethnic Diversity and Perceptions of Safety in Urban Middle Schools. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01718.x
- The paper
- Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2006). Ethnic Diversity and Perceptions of Safety in Urban Middle Schools. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01718.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.