Cited by 725Urban Transport and AccessibilityObesity, Physical Activity, DietUrban Green Space and Health

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Physical Activity and Food Environments: Solutions to the Obesity Epidemic

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SALLIS, JAMES F., GLANZ, KAREN·2009·The Milbank Quarterly

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.xPMC PMC2879180

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Abstract

Context: Environmental, policy, and societal changes are important contributors to the rapid rise in obesity over the past few decades, and there has been substantial progress toward identifying environmental and policy factors related to eating and physical activity that can point toward solutions. This article is a status report on research on physical activity and food environments, and it suggests how these findings can be used to improve diet and physical activity and to control or reduce obesity. Methods: This article summarizes and synthesizes recent reviews and provides examples of representative studies. It also describes ongoing innovative interventions and policy change efforts that were identified through conference presentations, media coverage, and websites. Findings: Numerous cross‐sectional studies have consistently demonstrated that some attributes of built and food environments are associated with physical activity, healthful eating, and obesity. Residents of walkable neighborhoods who have good access to recreation facilities are more likely to be physically active and less likely to be overweight or obese. Residents of communities with ready access to healthy foods also tend to have more healthful diets. Disparities in environments and policies that disadvantage low‐income communities and racial minorities have been documented as well. Evidence from multilevel studies, prospective research, and quasi‐experimental evaluations of environmental changes are just beginning to emerge. Conclusions: Environment, policy, and multilevel strategies for improving diet, physical activity, and obesity control are recommended based on a rapidly growing body of research and the collective wisdom of leading expert organizations. A public health imperative to identify and implement solutions to the obesity epidemic warrants the use of the most promising strategies while continuing to build the evidence base.

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Authors: SALLIS, J. F., & GLANZ, K.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
Corresponding author: SALLIS, JAMES F.
ORCID: SALLIS, JAMES F.
GLANZ, KAREN
Venue: The Milbank Quarterly
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 87
Issue: 1
Pages: 123-154
ISSN: 0887-378X (ISSN-L)
1468-0009
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.x
PMC: PMC2879180
OpenAlex: W1987919544
Cited by: 722
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 5.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 10 d)
Locations: Milbank Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
Funders: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Georgia Cancer Coalition
National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL083454)
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Keywords: obesity, physical activity, food environment, built environment, walkability, healthy food access, recreational facilities, health disparities, low-income communities, racial minorities, environmental policy, multilevel interventions, diet, obesity prevention
MeSH terms: Environment Design, Feeding Behavior, Health Promotion, Humans, Motor Activity, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Social Environment, United States, Health Behavior, Nutrition Policy, Social Marketing

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Physical Activity and Food Environments: Solutions to the Obesity Epidemic

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