The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teachers, Schools, and Academic Achievement
Abstract
This paper disentangles the impact of schools and teachers in influencing achievement with special attention given to the potential problems of omitted or mismeasured variables and of student and school selection. Unique matched panel data from the UTD Texas Schools Project permit the identification of teacher quality based on student performance along with the impact of specific, measured components of teachers and schools. Semiparametric lower bound estimates of the variance in teacher quality based entirely on within-school heterogeneity indicate that teachers have powerful effects on reading and mathematics achievement, though little of the variation in teacher quality is explained by observable characteristics such as education or experience. The results suggest that the effects of a costly ten student reduction in class size are smaller than the benefit of moving one standard deviation up the teacher quality distribution, highlighting the importance of teacher effectiveness in the determination of school quality.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“To put the size of these relations into perspective, a tenth of a standard deviation is similar in magnitude to the estimated relation between gender and reading in NAPLAN at age 8–9 (reported in Table S5a) and effects estimated from improving teacher quality by one standard deviation and reducing average grade 3 class sizes by ten50.”
From The relation between cesarean birth and child cognitive development (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures
Tiebout, C. M. (1956) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/257839 · Cited by 13,222
How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?
Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., & Mullainathan, S. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355304772839588 · Cited by 10,641
Teacher Turnover and Teacher Shortages: An Organizational Analysis
Ingersoll, R. M. (2001) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312038003499 · Cited by 2,989
Equality of Educational Opportunity.
Sewell, W. H., Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J. C., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., & York, R. L. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091094 · Cited by 2,753
The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement
Greenwald, R., Hedges, L. V., & Laine, R. D. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543066003361 · Cited by 1,427
Card, D., & Krueger, A. B. (1990) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w3358 · Cited by 1,249
Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Student Achievement
Angrist, J. D., & Lavy, V. (1997) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5888 · Cited by 1,219
Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions
Krueger, A. B. (1997) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w6051 · Cited by 1,099
The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation
Hoxby, C. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300555060 · Cited by 932
Summers, A. A., & Wolfe, B. L. (1977) · American Economic Review · Cited by 733
Analysis of the School Preferred Reading Program in Selected Los Angeles Minority Schools.
Armor, D. J., Conry-Oseguera, P., Cox, M., King, N. J., McDonnell, L. M., Pascal, A. H., Pauly, E. W., & Zellman, G. L. (1976) · Cited by 659
The Market for Teacher Quality
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., O'Brien, D., & Rivkin, S. G. (2005) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w11154 · Cited by 637
Self-citationDoes Money Matter? The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success
Heyns, B., & Burtless, G. T. (1997) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655116 · Cited by 560
Teacher Characteristics and Gains in Student Achievement: Estimation Using Micro Data.
Hanushek, E. A. (1971) · American Economic Review · Cited by 492
Self-citationWho Will Teach? Policies That Matter
Summers, A. A., Murnane, R. J., Singer, J. D., Willet, J. B., Kemple, J. J., & Olsen, R. J. (1992) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.2307/3324973 · Cited by 489
Amit, R. H., MacCrimmon, K. R., Zietsma, C., & Oesch, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9026(99)00044-0 · Cited by 411
Woessmann, L., & West, M. R. (2005) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.11.005 · Cited by 370
The Impact of School Resources on the Learning of Inner City Children
Maynard, R. A., & Murnane, R. J. (1977) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/145606 · Cited by 365
Does School Quality Matter? Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Betts, J. R. (1995) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/2109862 · Cited by 335
Attainment in secondary school
Feinstein, L. (1999) · Oxford Economic Papers · doi:10.1093/oep/51.2.300 · Cited by 303
Heckman, J. J., Layne‐Farrar, A., & Todd, P. (1996) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/2109948 · Cited by 276
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., & Rivkin, S. G. (2002) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465302760556431 · Cited by 264
Self-citationLeaving Teaching in the UK: A Duration Analysis
Dolton, P., & von der Klaauw, W. (1995) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2235502 · Cited by 258
How to Improve the Supply of High-Quality Teachers
Hanushek, E. A., & Rivkin, S. G. (2004) · Brookings papers on education policy · doi:10.1353/pep.2004.0001 · Cited by 232
Self-citationA More Complete Picture of School Resource Policies
Hanushek, E. A. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543066003397 · Cited by 225
Self-citationThe Effect of Salaries and Opportunity Costs on Duration in Teaching: Evidence from Michigan
Murnane, R. J., & Olsen, R. J. (1989) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1926983 · Cited by 220
The Market for Teacher Quality. NBER Working Paper No. 11154.
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., O’Brien, D. M., & Rivkin, S. G. (2005) · National Bureau of Economic Research · Cited by 217
Self-citationWhat do effective teachers of inner-city children have in common?
Murnane, R. J., & Phillips, B. R. (1981) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/0049-089x(81)90007-7 · Cited by 202
The Effect of School Quality on Educational Attainment and Wages
Dearden, L., Ferri, J., & Meghir, C. (2002) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465302317331883 · Cited by 184
Do Peer Groups Matter? Peer Group versus Schooling Effects on Academic Attainment
Robertson, D. H., & Symons, J. (2003) · Economica · doi:10.1111/1468-0335.d01-46 · Cited by 177
Stinebrickner, T. R. (2002) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/3069608 · Cited by 150
Intraschool Variation in Class Size: Patterns and Implications
Boozer, M. A., & Rouse, C. E. (1995) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1006/juec.2001.2216 · Cited by 139
Educational production in Europe
Woessmann, L. (2005) · Economic Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0327.2005.00144.x · Cited by 130
On the value of equality of educational opportunity as a guide to public policy
Kain, J. F., & Hanushek, E. A. (1968) · Harvard University eBooks · Cited by 115
Self-citationClass Size, Education, and Wages
Dustmann, C., Rajah, N., & van Soest, A. (2003) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00101 · Cited by 107
Dobbelsteen, S., Levin, J. D., & Oosterbeek, H. (2002) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/1468-0084.00003 · Cited by 104
Levačić, R., & Vignoles, A. F. (2002) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645290210127534 · Cited by 79
What is the Tradeoff Between Smaller Classes and Teacher Quality?
Jepsen, C. A., & Rivkin, S. G. (2002) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9205 · Cited by 70
Self-citationWord, E. (1990) · Cited by 61
Bonesrønning, H. (2003) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7757(03)00046-3 · Cited by 57
Intraschool Variation in Class Size: Patterns and Implications. Working Paper #344.
Boozer, M. A., & Rouse, C. E. (1995) · Cited by 16
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Measuring the Impacts of Teachers II: Teacher Value-Added and Student Outcomes in Adulthood
Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., & Rockoff, J. E. (2014) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.104.9.2633 · Cited by 1,717
Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2010) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.3 · Cited by 1,566
How Does Your Kindergarten Classroom Affect Your Earnings? Evidence from Project Star
Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., Hilger, N., Saez, E., Schanzenbach, D. W., & Yagan, D. (2011) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjr041 · Cited by 1,514
Teacher Recruitment and Retention: A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature
Guarino, C. M., Santibáñez, L., & Daley, G. A. (2006) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543076002173 · Cited by 1,352
Teachers and Student Achievement in the Chicago Public High Schools
Aaronson, D. M., Barrow, L., & Sander, W. (2006) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/508733 · Cited by 1,294
Metadata
- Authors
- Rivkin, S. G., Hanushek, E. A., & Kain, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Hoover Institution (US)
- Venue
- Econometrica
- Publisher
- The Econometric Society
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 417-458
- ISSN
- 0012-9682 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0262
- OpenAlex
- W3121388701
- Semantic Scholar
- b1097990bc6019e4732204c5a8b5477660609db3
- Cited by
- 4,501
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 86 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 230 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 283 · 2019: 252 · 2018: 282 · 2017: 262 · 2016: 326 · 2015: 301 · 2014: 265 · 2013: 299 · 2012: 249
- FWCI
- 587.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Econometrica (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Environments and Student Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- teacher quality, school quality, academic performance, student selection, omitted variable bias, reading achievement, mathematics achievement, class size, teacher effectiveness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review