Cited by 184Circadian rhythm and melatoninParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Expression of clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in total leukocytes in health and Parkinson’s disease

Cai, Y., Liu, S., Sothern, R. B., Xu, S., Chan, P.·2010·European Journal of Neurology

DOI 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02848.x

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a growing number of clinical studies that revealed a variety of behavioral and physiological desynchronies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these desynchronies have not been defined at the molecular level. METHODS: Using real-time RT-PCR assay, we analyzed the expression profiles of two principle clock genes, PER1 and BMAL1, in total leukocytes for 12 h during the evening, overnight and morning in subjects with PD and age/sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: A difference in the expression pattern of BMAL1 but not PER1 was apparent during the dark span, where the relative abundance of BMAL1 was significantly lower in PD patients versus control subjects at 21:00, 00:00 and 06:00 h. Furthermore, expression levels of BMAL1 in PD patients correlated with their United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score at 06:00, 09:00 h, and with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at 06:00 h. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a peripheral molecular clock, as reflected in the dampened expression of the clock genes BMAL1 in total leukocytes, is altered in PD patients. In addition, the relative BMAL1 levels correlate positively with PD severity, which could provide a molecular basis to help monitor disease progression and response to investigational drugs.

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Zhang, X., 申维娜, Wu, Y., Zhang, W., & Ye, Q. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27156719
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Authors: Cai, Y., Liu, S., Sothern, R. B., Xu, S., & Chan, P.
Affiliations: Capital Medical University (CN)
University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Xu, S.
Chan, P.
ORCID: Cai, Y.
Xu, S.
Venue: European Journal of Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010-03-15
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 550-554
ISSN: 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
1468-1331
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02848.x
OpenAlex: W1969022395
Cited by: 184
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 2.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, clock genes, Per1, Bmal1, circadian rhythm, leukocytes, circadian gene expression, disease severity, sleep quality, disease progression biomarkers
MeSH terms: Circadian Rhythm, Darkness, Female, Health Status, Humans, Leukocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, RNA, Messenger, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Case-Control Studies, Photoperiod, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, ARNTL Transcription Factors, Period Circadian Proteins

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Expression of clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in total leukocytes in health and Parkinson’s disease

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