Cited by 1,444Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatiguePlant Molecular Biology Research

Molecular analysis of mammalian circadian rhythms

Reppert, Steven M, Weaver, David R·2001·Annual Review of Physiology

Abstract

In mammals, a master circadian "clock" resides in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN clock is composed of multiple, single-cell circadian oscillators, which, when synchronized, generate coordinated circadian outputs that regulate overt rhythms. Eight clock genes have been cloned that are involved in interacting transcriptional-/translational-feedback loops that compose the molecular clockwork. The daily light-dark cycle ultimately impinges on the control of two clock genes that reset the core clock mechanism in the SCN. Clock-controlled genes are also generated by the central clock mechanism, but their protein products transduce downstream effects. Peripheral oscillators are controlled by the SCN and provide local control of overt rhythm expression. Greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the SCN clockwork provides opportunities for pharmacological manipulation of circadian timing.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.647

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152 of 152 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • CLOCK and BMAL1 are transcription factors that act as positive regulators of circadian gene expression and activate expression of the negative regulators CRY and PER families.

    “CLOCK and BMAL1 are transcription factors that act as positive regulators of circadian gene expression and activate the expression of the negative regulators of circadian gene expression: cryptochrome (CRY1 and CRY2) and period (PER1, PER2, PER3) families.”

    From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

  • The molecular mechanism governing circadian rhythmicity is based on interlocked transcriptional and post-translational negative feedback loops.

    “A number of interlocked transcriptional and post-translational negative feedback loops are responsible for the generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms.”

    From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

  • CRY and PER proteins feedback and inhibit their own expression as well as the expression of other clock-controlled genes.

    “CRY and PER proteins feedback and inhibit their own expression as well as the expression of other clock-controlled genes (CCGs) [3].”

    From Circadian control of glucose metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [3]

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Authors
Reppert, S. M., & Weaver, D. R.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Venue
Annual Review of Physiology
Published
2001-03
Volume
63
Issue
1
Pages
647-676
ISSN
  • 0066-4278 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-1585
OpenAlex
W2170078281
Cited by
1,444
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 72
FWCI
8.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annual Review of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords
circadian rhythm, suprachiasmatic nucleus, clock genes, transcription-translation feedback loop, peripheral circadian oscillators, light-dark cycle, clock-controlled genes, mammalian circadian clock
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Chemistry, Circadian Rhythm, Nuclear Proteins, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Transcription Factors, Trans-Activators, Insect Proteins, Drosophila Proteins, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, CLOCK Proteins, ARNTL Transcription Factors, Period Circadian Proteins

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