The bidirectional relationship between headache and chronic musculoskeletal complaints: an 11‐year follow‐up in the N ord‐T røndelag H ealth S tudy (HUNT)
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic daily headache (CDH) and chronic musculoskeletal complaints (CMSCs) are associated disorders, but whether there is a causal relationship between them is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether CMSCs are associated with the subsequent development of CDH and vice versa. METHODS: This longitudinal population-based cohort study used data from two consecutive surveys in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2 and 3) performed in 1995-1997 and 2006-2008. Amongst the 51 383 participants aged ≥ 20 years at baseline, 41 766 were eligible approximately 11 years later. Of these, 26 197 (63%) completed the questions regarding headache and CMSCs in HUNT 3. RESULTS: A bidirectional relationship was found between headache and CMSCs. In the multivariate analyses adjusting for known potential confounders, a nearly two fold risk (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.3) for developing CDH was found for those with CMSCs at baseline. Vice versa, a similarly elevated risk of CMSCs (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.6), and even higher risk of chronic widespread MSCs (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.7), was found at follow-up amongst those with CDH at baseline. CONCLUSION: CMSCs predispose to CDH and CDH predisposes to CMSCs 11 years later. This may have relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. CMSCs should be treated not only to relieve them but also to prevent the development of CDH, and vice versa.
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Chronic headache commonly coexists with other chronic painful disorders such as low back pain.
“chronic headache commonly coexists with other chronic painful disorders such as low back pain.38–41”
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Epidemiology, Impact, and Disability
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- Authors
- Hagen, K., Linde, M., Steiner, T. J., Zwart, J. ‐., & Stovner, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Hagen, K.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1447-1454
- ISSN
- 1351-5101 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-1331
- OpenAlex
- W2017573567
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic daily headache, bidirectional relationship, chronic widespread pain, headache pathophysiology, headache prevention, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Headache Disorders, Musculoskeletal Pain
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