The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs
Abstract
This article provides a “top-down” explanation for the rapid growth of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the postwar period, focusing on two aspects of political globalization. First, I argue that international political opportunities in the form of funding and political access have expanded enormously in the postwar period and provided a structural environment highly conducive to NGO growth. Secondly, I present a norm-based argument and trace the rise of a pro-NGO norm in the 1980s and 1990s among donor states and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), which has actively promoted the spread of NGOs to non-Western countries. The article ends with a brief discussion of the symbiotic relationship among NGOs, IGOs, and states promoting international cooperation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
World Society and the Nation‐State
Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M., & Ramirez, F. O. (1997) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/231174 · Cited by 4,684
(1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511803987 · Cited by 3,809
The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change
(1999) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511598777 · Cited by 2,997
The Culture of national security: norms and identity in world politics
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-5942 · Cited by 2,135
Keck, M. E., & Sikkink, K. (1998) · Cited by 2,032
National Interests in International Society
Finnemore, M. (1996) · Cornell University Press eBooks · doi:10.7591/9781501707384 · Cited by 2,008
Michigan Journal of International Law
(2020) · Michigan Journal of International Law · doi:10.36642/mjil · Cited by 1,493
Transnational Relations and World Politics
(1972) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674593152 · Cited by 1,361
The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics
Fukuyama, F., & Katzenstein, P. J. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048042 · Cited by 1,160
Treating International Institutions as Social Environments
Johnston, A. I. (2001) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00212 · Cited by 1,133
Research works printed but not linked: 30
- Algers Chadwick F., 1994, Global Transformation: Challenges to the State System
- Boli John, 1999, Constructing World Culture, International Nongovernmental Organizations since 1875, 10.1515/9781503617681 · DOI · Paper page
- Brown L. David, 1991, Nongovernmental Organizations and the World Bank: Cooperation for Development
- Cox Aidan, 1999, The European Community External Cooperation Programs
- DAC, 1995, Participatory Development and Good Governance
- DAC, 1998, Germany. Development Cooperation Review Series No. 29
- Donini Antonio, 1996, NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance
- The Foundation Center., 1997, International Grantmaking. A Report on U.S. Foundation Trends
- The Foundation Center, 2000, Foundation Yearbook
- Gordenker Leon, 1996, NGOs, the UN and Global Governance
- OECD., 1988, Voluntary Aid for Development. The Role of Non-governmental Organizations
- Passy Florence., 1999, Social Movements in a Globalizing World
- Phillips Ann., 1999, Democratization, 6, 70, 10.1080/13510349908403612 · doi:10.1080/13510349908403612
- Kim D. Reimann (2001 ) Late Developers in Global Civil Society: Domestic Barriers, International Socialization and the Emergence of International NGOs in Japan. PhD Dissertation, Harvard University.
- Renz Loren., 1998, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27, 507, 10.1177/0899764098274007 · doi:10.1177/0899764098274007
- Skjelsbaek Kjell., 1972, Transnational Relations and World Politics
- Skocpol Theda., 1999, Civic Engagement in American Democracy
- Smillie Ian, 1999, Stakeholders: Government-NGO Partnerships for International Development
- Sollis Peter., 1996, NGOs, the UN and Global Governance
- Steen Odd Inge., 1996, Voluntus, 7, 147, 10.1007/BF02354109 · doi:10.1007/bf02354109
- Stiles Kendall W., 1998, Global Governance, 4, 199, 10.1163/19426720-00402006 · doi:10.1163/19426720-00402006
- Tilly Charles., 1984, Statemaking and Social Movements
- UNDP, 2000, Survey of UNDP Activities in Human Rights
- Uvin Peter., 1996, NGOs, the UN and Global Governance
- 10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00092-7 · doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(96)00092-7
- Rooy Alison, 1999, Canadian Development Report 1999. Civil Society and Global Change
- Willetts Peter., 1989, Global Issues in the UN's Framework
- Willets Peter., 1996, The Conscience of the World, The Influence of Non-Governmental Organizations in the UN System
- World Bank, 1996, The World Bank's Partnership with Nongovernmental Organizations, 10.1596/0-8213-3603-7 · doi:10.1596/0-8213-3603-7
- World Bank, 2001, World Bank-Civil Society Collaboration-Progress Report for Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001
Cited by
How Do Norms Travel? Theorizing International Women’s Rights in Transnational Perspective1
Zwingel, S. (2012) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00701.x · Cited by 388
Strengthening Health Systems in Poor Countries: A Code of Conduct for Nongovernmental Organizations
Pfeiffer, J., Johnson, W., Fort, M., Shakow, A., Hagopian, A., Gloyd, S., & Gimbel-Sherr, K. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.125989 · Cited by 163
The Assault on Civil Society: Explaining State Crackdown on NGOs
Chaudhry, S. (2022) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818321000473 · Cited by 148
Democratic Backsliding in Africa?
(2022) · Oxford University Press · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192867322.001.0001 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- REIMANN, K. D.
- Venue
- International Studies Quarterly
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-68
- ISSN
- 0020-8833 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2478
- OpenAlex
- W2063712700
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 53
- FWCI
- 40.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1 (tdm, 3471 d)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00392.x
- The paper
- REIMANN, K. D. (2006). A View from the Top: International Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs. International Studies Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00392.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.