The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Messages Affect Their Senders: A More General Model of Message Effects and Implications for Deliberation
Abstract
This paper argues that in all areas of communication theory, we should give greater consideration to the possibility of expression affecting the expresser. A general model of the effects of messages on both senders and receivers is introduced, organizing and resolving contradictions in past research by distinguishing between effects of the expectation of expression, effects of message composition, and effects of a message being released to others. When applied to deliberation, the model results in several experimentally testable explanations of causal mechanisms involved in deliberation’s predicted effects, a stronger basis for the distinction between deliberative and argumentative discussion, and several tentative practical recommendations for encouraging open-mindedness in deliberation.
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Cites
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
(2022) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(22)x0002-6 · Cited by 22,259
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Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change
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Social psychology: handbook of basic principles
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3595 · Cited by 4,895
What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters
Brooks, C., Carpini, M. X. D., & Keeter, S. (1997) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2655098 · Cited by 4,437
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Cited by
Media effects: theory and research
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Walther, J. B. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033608 · Cited by 536
Social media and citizen engagement: A meta-analytic review
Skoric, M. M., Zhu, Q., Goh, D., & Pang, N. (2016) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444815616221 · Cited by 429
Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Nah, S., Gotlieb, M. R., Hwang, H., Lee, N.-J., Scholl, R. M., & McLeod, D. M. (2007) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00363.x · Cited by 384
Campaigns, Reflection, and Deliberation: Advancing an O-S-R-O-R Model of Communication Effects
Cho, J., Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., McLeod, D. M., Scholl, R. M., & Gotlieb, M. R. (2009) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2008.01333.x · Cited by 361
Influencing Myself: Self-Reinforcement Through Online Political Expression
Cho, J., Ahmed, S., Keum, H., Choi, Y. J., & Lee, J. H. (2018) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650216644020 · Cited by 116
Metadata
- Authors
- Pingree, R. J.
- Venue
- Communication Theory
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 439-461
- ISSN
- 1050-3293 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2885
- OpenAlex
- W1979470568
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 79
- FWCI
- 18.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How Messages Affect Their Senders: A More General Model of Message Effects and Implications for Deliberation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00306.x
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- Pingree, R. J. (2007). How Messages Affect Their Senders: A More General Model of Message Effects and Implications for Deliberation. Communication Theory. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00306.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
